HOW  TO  FIGURE 
TYPE  COMPOSITION 
BY   KNOWN   FACTORS 


A  NEW,  EASY,  AND  LABOR-SAVING  METHOD  OF  FINDING 
THE  NUMBER  OF  EMS  IN  ANY  FORM  OF  TYPE  MATTER 
ALSO  REFERENCE  TABLES.  WEIGHT  OF  LINOTYPE 
COMPOSITION,  AND  OTHER  INFORMATION  OF  VALUE 
TO    PRINTERS,    PUBLISHERS,    AND    PRINTING    BUYERS 


B])  Martin   Heir 


HEIR  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 
Box  274,  EvanstoD,  Illinois 


wiwwmi 


mm 


HOW  TO  FIGURE 
TYPE  COMPOSITION 
BY   KNOWN   FACTORS 


A  NEW,  EASY,  AND  LABOR-SAVING  METHOD  OF  FINDING 
THE  NUMBER  OF  EMS  IN  ANY  FORM  OF  TYPE  MATTER 
ALSO  REFERENCE  TABLES,  WEIGHT  OF  LINOTYPE 
COMPOSITION,  AND  OTHER  INFORMATION  OF  VALUE 
TO    PRINTERS,    PUBLISHERS,    AND    PRINTING    BUYERS 


By  Martin  Heir 


HEIR  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 
Box  274,  £vaDston,  Illinois 


Copyright,    1914 

by 

MARTIN   HEIR 

All  Rights  Reserved 


John  A.  Childs  Printing  Company,  Evanston,  Illinois 


INTRODUCTION 

'TpHIS  booklet,  in  bringing  out  a  new,  time-saving  and  absolutely  reliable  method 
-*•  for  finding  the  number  of  ems  in  the  type  page  or  any  other  form  of  type 
matter,  is  intended  as  a  message  of  cheer  and  relief  to  those  who  have  been 
struggling  with  this  tiresome  and  somewhat  intricate  problem  by  the  use  of  the 
methods  now  prevailing. 

The  method  here  offered  is  so  simple  and  easy  that  it  can  be  mastered  by  any 
one  with  a  knowledge  of  the  rudiments  of  multiplication ;  and  it  is  so  time-saving 
and  reliable  that  the  type  contents  of  the  biggest  page  can  be  found  in  a  minute 
to  the  fraction  of  an  em.  We  readily  admit  that  this  is  a  somewhat  bold  and  broad 
statement  that  hardly  will  pass  without  proof.  We  hasten,  therefore,  to  assure 
everybody  concerned  that  this  is  not  an  attempt  to  market  a  freak  idea,  nor  is  it 
the  result  of  a  desire  to  add  another  untried  experiment  to  the  world's  abundant 
supply.  No,  indeed  not.  For,  although  this  method  is  simplicity  itself,  it  is  built 
on  the  time-honored  mathematical  principle  of  equivalents  as  taught  in  every 
school  the  world  over  where  mathematics  is  included  in  the  curriculum,  and  daily 
practiced  by  every  engineer  as  long  as  history  can  record.  It  can  therefore  be 
claimed  without  fear  of  contradiction  that  it  has  a  reasonably  sound  foundation. 

Besides,  and  to  give  the  printer  and  printing  buyer  still  less  reason  to  waste 
energy  on  calculations,  a  series  of  reference  tables  have  been  appended  shov/ing 
the  number  of  ems  in  nearly  every  type  page  imaginable  in  all  type  bodies  in 
common  use.  These  tables  have  been  arranged  in  such  a  manner  that  no  matter 
how  many  type  bodies  a  page  or  galley  contains,  the  actual  number  of  ems  in  such 
page  or  galley  can  be  determined  with  as  much  ease  and  as  quickly  as  if  the 
page  or  galley  had  contained  a  single  type  body. 

By  reason  of  the  rules  in  force  in  machine  composition  offices  in  different 
cities  of  charging  nothing  less  than  twenty  ems  to  the  line  of  the  type  set  for 
all  machine  composition,  it  has  been  found  necessary  to  give  both  the  actual 
number  of  ems  to  the  line  and  the  number  of  ems  according  to  this  rule  for  all 
measures  up  to  14  ems  of  8  point  and  17  ems  of  10  point.  (See  appended  rules 
for  machine  composition.) 

Note — It  must  be  understood  that  the  method  here  brought  forth  will  give 
the  actual  number  of  ems  in  the  page  or  galley,  and  therefore  does  not  admit  of 
any  arbitrary  addition  or  deduction.  The  aim  has  been  to  substitute  mathematical 
correctness  for  uncertain  guesswork.  Every  em  in  the  page  or  galley  is  accounted 
for,  no  more  and  no  less. 

The  Author. 


3 

339511 


Extract  from  an  Article  in  the  American  Printer  for  March,  1914: 

"With  a  rule  or  tape  graduated  to  inches  any  one  can  readily  ascertain  the 
number  of  ems  of  any  body  size  a  page  contains.  It  is  better  to  use  square  ems 
than  square  inches,  for  a  page  always  contains  a  certain  fixed  number  of  ems, 
tho  it  seldom  does  of  inches.  Take  a  page  22  x  41  picas,  for  example,  and  with 
a  foot  rule  tell  me  how  many  square  inches  it  contains.  The  narrow  way  it  is 
three  and  two-thirds  inches,  the  long  way  six  and  five-sixths.  The  common  field 
variety  of  rule  is  graduated  to  neither  thirds  nor  sixths,  for  which  reason  the 
square-inch  estimator  must  perforce  approximate  the  dimensions  in  inches  unless 
he  happens  to  know  that  a  pica  is  a  sixth  of  an  inch.  If,  however,  he  has  this 
knowledge,  he  must  multiply  six  and  five-sixths  by  three  and  two-thirds.  He  has 
a  problem  something  like  this : 

"Eleven-thirds  multiplied  by  forty-one  sixths  equals  four  hundred  and  fifty- 
one  eighteenths.  Four  hundred  and  fifty-one  divided  by  eighteen  equals  twenty- 
five  and  one-eighteenth  square  inches. 

"Or  he  might  reduce  the  dimensions  to  sixths,  when  his  problem  would  be : 

"Six  and  five-sixths  equals  forty-one  sixths,  three  and  two-thirds  equals 
twenty-two  sixths.  Forty-one  sixths  multiplied  by  twenty-two  sixths  equals 
nine  hundred  and  two  sixths.  In  a  square  inch  are  thirty-six  sixths.  Nine  hun- 
dred and  two  sixths  divided  by  thirty-six  sixths  equal  twenty-five  and  one-eight- 
eenth sixths,  or  twenty-five  and  one-eighteenth  square  inches. 

"Were  the  estimator  a  practical  printer  (which  all  estimators  should  be),  he 
would  first  decide  as  accurately  as  possible  which  of  the  several  sizes  of  body-type 
the  composition  would  approximate  if  it  were  display  composition,  tho  were  it 
straight  matter  or  tabular  w'ork  he  would  of  course  know  the  body  size.  Assuming 
the  size  to  be  ten-point  leaded,  the  printer  would  multiply  each  dimension  of  the 
page  by  twelve,  as  there  are  twelve  points  to  the  pica.  The  problem  would  be : 
22  X  12  equals  264  poins.  264  divided  by  10  equals  26.4  lines  or  ems  of  ten-point 
body  type. 

"41  X  12  equals  492  points.  492  divided  by  10  equals  49.2  lines  or  ems  of 
ten-point  type. 

"The  rule  with  printers  is  that  if  the  fractional  part  of  an  em  is  less  than  half 
it  will  not  be  counted ;  if  it  is  a  half  or  more  it  will  be  counted  a  full  em.  We 
have  therefore  26  x  49  ems,  which  gives  us  1,274  ems  per  page." 

Compare  the  above  with  the  method  advocated  on  the  following  pages,  and 
draw  your  own  conclusions. 


HOW  TO  FIGURE  TYPE  COMPOSITION 
BY  KNOWN  FACTORS 

NO  argument  is  necessary  to  convince  anyone  with  a  little  knowledge  of  com- 
posing room  details  that  four  6-point  ems  are  required  to  exactly  and 
completely  fill  the  space  of  one  12-point  em.  Theory  and  practice  agree  on  this 
point,  and  experience  has  so  often  and  decidedly  proven  this  to  be  a  fact,  that  no 
force  of  persuasion  will  ever  change  the  printer's  mind  in  this  respect. 

But,  if  it  is  a  fact  that  the  smaller  type  body  has  a  fixed  fractional  relation  to 
the  larger  considered  singly  or  individually  in  the  unit  of  the  em — if  it  is  a  fact 
that  a  certain  fixed  proportional  term  or  equivalent  will  express  the  exact  relation 
of  the  em  of  one  type  body  to  the  em  of  the  other — it  must  follow  as  a  natural 
consequence  that  the  same  term  can  be  used  to  express  the  exact  relation  of  the 
tzvo  type  bodies  in  question  no  matter  hozv  many  ems  of  the  larger  type  body  is 
to  be  considered;  it  must  follow  that  this  fixed  relation  can  be  relied  upon  with 
mathematical  certainty  in  determining  the  number  of  ems  in  any  form  of  type 
matter  where  the  12-point  or  pica  em  is  the  standard  of  measurement,  and  that 
as  far  as  the  relation  of  6-point  to  12-point  is  concerned  it  can  be  expressed  by 
the  fixed  proportional  term  4:1. 

Take  a  type  page  25  x  40  picas  in  size,  for  example.  Any  printer  having  had 
a  little  experience  in  figuring  type  composition  knows  that  this  page  contains  1000 
pica  ems,  because  25  x  40  ==  1000.  He  also  knows,  as  stated  above,  that  four 
6-point  ems  are  required  to  fill  the  space  of  one  12-point  em ;  consequently  he  will 
readily  see  that  if  this  page  is  set  in  6-point  it  will  contain  1000  x  4  =  4000  6-point 
ems  because  of  this  4:1  relation  between  the  two  type  bodies. 

Another  example :  A  page  23  x  41  pica  ems  in  size  contains  23  x  41  =  943 
pica  ems,  or  23  x  41  x  4  =  3772  6-point  ems,  because  of  the  same  proportional 
relation. 

Without  fear  of  contradiction  it  can  therefore  be  stated  as  a  mathematical 
fact  that  the  number  of  6-point  ems  in  any  form  of  type  matter  of  a  given  number 
of  12-point  ems  is  equal  to  the  number  of  these  12-point  ems  multiplied  by  the 
number  of  6-point  ems  contained  in  a  12-point  em,  that  is,  multiplied  by  the 
proportional  term  or  equivalent  4. 

And  this  statement  can  just  as  positively  be  followed  by  another:  The  num- 
ber of  ems  in  a  given  space  and  a  given  body  of  type  is  directly  proportional  to 
the  number  of  times  the  unit  or  em  of  the  type  body  in  question  is  contained  in 
the  unit  or  em  of  the  standard  of  measurement,  the  12-point  or  pica  em. 

In  other  words :  just  as  surely  and  accurately  as  the  number  of  6-point  ems 
in  a  type  page  of  a  given  number  of  12-point  ems  can  be  determined  by  multiply- 
ing said  number  of  12-point  ems  by  the  proportional  term  or  equivalent  4,  can 
the  number  of  ems  of  the  same  page  or  any  other  page  be  determined  in  any 
other  size  of  body  type  by  multiplying  its  number  of  12-point  ems  by  the  propor- 
tional term  or  equivalent  of  that  type  body  as  stated  below.  Being  the  term 
expressing  the  number  of  times  each  unit  or  em  of  the  smaller  type  body  is 


HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN    FACTORS 

contianecl  in  the  12-point  unit  or  em,  the  equivalent  of  such  type  body  is  always 
a  known  factor  which  must  be  used  as  a  multiplier  of  the  other  known 
factor,  the  number  of  12-point  ems  in  the  type  form  in  question.  Briefly  stated, 
therefore,  the  equivalent  is  an  indicator  showing  how  many  times  the  unit  or  em 
of  a  type  body  is  contained  in  the  12-point  em,  as  well  as  how'  many  times  said 
unit  or  em  is  contained  in  a  known  number  of  12-point  ems. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  there  is  no  room  for  uncertain  groping  and  waste 
of  time  and  labor.  Every  operation  is  one  of  straight  multiplication,  and  can  be 
successfully  performed  by  anyone  having  a  rudimentary  knowledge  of  this  branch 
of  arithmetic.  Try  it  on  any  page  you  wish,  and  see  how  easily  results  are  obtained. 

Having  thus  established  the  importance  of  the  equivalent  in  figuring  the  type 
form,  the  next  important  step  is  to  find  such  equivalent  for  all  the  type  bodies 
in  common  use.  This  we  do  by  reducing  each  body  of  type  into  its  smallest 
possible  unit,  the  square  point,  and  then  by  dividing  the  square-point  contents 
of  the  12-point  em  by  the  square-point  contents  of  the  type  body  we  wish  to 
determine.  The  result  obtained  by  this  process  shows  that  the  space  occupied 
by  the  12-point  em  in  any  form  of  type  matter  is  equal  to 


1.19 

ems  of 

11 

-point 

1.44 

ems  of 

10 

-point 

1.778 

ems  of 

9 

-point 

2.25 

ems  of 

8 

-point 

2.94 

ems  of 

7 

-point 

4.00 

ems  of 

6 

-point 

4.76 

ems  of 

5>^ -point 

5.76 

ems  of 

5 

-point 

and  the  exact  number  of  ems  of  any  of  the  type  bodies  here  mentioned  in  a  type 
form  of  a  stated  number  of  i2-point  ems  equals  this  number  of  i2-point  ems 
multiplied  by  the  equivalent  of  the  type  body  in  question  as  here  given. 

This  statement  we  will  prove  by  again  referring  to  the  page  of  25  x  40  picas 
in  size.  As  stated  before,  the  page  contains  25  x  40  =  1000  12-point  ems.  To 
find  the  number  of  ems  contained  in  this  page  of  any  of  the  other  type  bodies 
mentioned  we  simply  multiply  one  known  factor  by  the  other.    For  example : 

11  -point— 1000  X  1.19  =  1190  ems 

10  -point— 1000  X  1.44  =  1440  ems 

9  -point— 1000  X  1.778  =  1778  ems 

8  -point— 1000  X  2.25  =  2250  ems 

7  -point— 1000  X  2.94  =  2940  ems 

6  -point— 1000  X  4  =  4000  ems 

51^ -point— 1000  X  4.76  =  4760  ems 

5  -point— 1000  X  5.76  =  5760  ems 

Therefore,  if  the  number  of  12-point  ems  in  the  type  form  are  known,  and 
you  wish  to  find  how  many  11-point  ems  such  type  form  contains,  multiply  by 
1.19;  if  10-point  is  desired,  multiply  by  1.44;  if  9-point,  by  1.778  (or  1.78  if  you 


HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN,    FACTORS 

wish;  it  is  close  enough  for  all  practical  purposes);  if  8-point,  by  2.25,  etc.. 
according  to  the  table  above. 

It  will  readily  be  seen  that  if  this  method  is  followed  the  finding  of  the  correct 
number  of  ems  in  the  type  form  becomes  so  easy  and  simple  that  pencil  and  paper 
hardly  are  required  for  6  and  8-point,  while  the  other  type  bodies  having  an 
equivalent  of  a  more  complicated  decimal  number  can  be  figured  in  less  than  half 
the  time  necessary  by  any  other  known  method.  A  few  practical  illustrations 
will  prove  this  statement.  Let  us  find  the  number  of  10-point  ems  in  a  page 
20  X  35  picas.  We  first  multiply  20  x  35  to  find  the  number  of  pica  ems,  which  is 
700;  then  we  multiply  this  700  by  the  10-point  equivalent  1.44  because  we  know 
there  are  just  1.44  10-point  ems  in  one  pica  em,  and  consequently  there  must  be 
700  X  1.44  in  a  page  containing  700  pica  ems.  The  result  obtained  is  1008  10-point 
ems. 

The  same  page  contains  700  x  2.25  (or  2%)  =  1575  8-point  ems  because  there 
are  2.25  (2^)  8-point  ems  in  each  pica  em. 

Or  another :  One  of  the  popular  weeklies  has  type  pages  57  picas  wide  by  77 
picas  deep.  It  is  now  set  in  8-point.  If  the  publisher  of  this  weekly  should  decide 
to  change  his  type  matter  to  7-point,  how  much  more  composition  would  he  have 
to  pay  for  on  each  page? 

Solution—  57  X  77  X  2.94  =  12904 

57  X  77  X  2.25  =    9875 


Difference 3029  ems 

Suppose  he  intended  to  change  to  6-point,  what  would  be  the  number  of  6-point 
ems  in  each  page  ? 

57  X  77  X  4  =  17556  6-point  ems 

This,  we  hope,  is  sufficient  to  convince  the  progressive  printer  and  publisher 
that  if  they  use  known  factors  in  figuring  their  type  matter  a  lot  of  valuable 
time  can  be  saved  for  better  and  more  profitable  purposes.  Furthermore,  it  will 
give  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  that  the  figures  obtained  are  absolutely  correct. 

As  will  be  noticed,  the  examples  cited  above  have  been  of  type  pages  containing 
one  single  type  size  or  body.  This  may  possibly  lead  to  the  objection  that  the 
catalog  page,  invariably  containing  two,  three  and  even  four  sizes  or  bodies  of 
type,  cannot  be  figured  as  easily  by  this  method.  To  find  the  correct  number  of  ems 
in  the  catalog  page  has  always  been  the  bane  of  the  printing  estimator  and  has 
con.sumed  a  lot  of  his  valuable  time  as  well  as  caused  a  lot  of  his  worries.  As  the 
greatest  claim  for  this  new  method  of  figuring  type  composition  is  its  time-saving 
possibilities — the  quickness  by  which  reliable  results  can  be  obtained — it  would  be 
inadequate  to  a  degree  of  worthlessness  if  it  couldn't  offer  a  satisfactory  solution 
of  this  complicated  problem — the  quick  and  reliable  figuring  of  the  catalog 
page.  For  the  benefit  of  the  printing  estimator,  therefore,  as  well  as  for  the 
benefit  of  all  who  may  have  to  struggle  with  this  kind  of  pages,  we  will  prove  by 
a  few  illustrations  how  simple  and  easy  the  problem  becomes  when  equivalents  are 
used  as  multipliers  and  known  factors  substituted  for  guesswork. 

7 


HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN    FACTORS 

Suppose  the  page  in  question  is  taken  from  a  wholesale  catalog  50  x  70  picas 
in  size.  Our  first  known  factor  will  be  the  3500  pica  ems  contained  in  the  page. 
Now  suppose  that  the  big  part  of  the  type  matter  is  set  in  8-point  and  the  rest  in 
5j/2-point.  For  a  ready  illustration  let  us  say  that  the  Sj^^-point  type  matter  would 
fill  a  space  20  x  20  or  400  pica  ems.     Then 

Solution—  (3500  —  400)  3100  X  2.25  =  6975 

400  X  4.76  =  1904 


Total  number  of  ems  in  page 8879 

Another  page  in  the  same  catalog  is  divided  equally  between  10,  8,  6  and  5- 
point.    What  is  the  content  in  ems  of  the  type  set? 

Solution—                  (3500  -^  4)     875  X  1.44  =  1260 

875  X  2.25  =  1969 

875  X  4  =  3500 

875  X  5.76  =  5040 


Total  number  of  ems  in  page  11769 

An  automobile  supply  catalog,  size  36  x  52  picas,  is  set  in  10  and  6-point. 
Suppose  the  type  matter  set  in  6-point  would  fill  the  space  of  19  x  36  picas  on  a 
page.    What  would  the  type  contents  of  the  page  be? 

Solution—  36  X   19  X  4       =  2736 

36  X  33  X   1-44  =  1711 


Total  number  of  ems  in  page  4447 

Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  not  even  the  catalog  page  should  be  a  cause  of  worry 
in  days  to  come. 

Now  let  us,  by  an  illustration,  solve  the  problem  of  machine  composition  in  the 
galley. 

A  printer  received  from  his  linotyper  seven  galleys  of  composition,  all  set  18 
ems  wide.  There  were  four  galleys  of  10-point,  respectively  120,  128,  130  and  132 
picas  in  length ;  two  galleys  of  8-point,  118  and  128  picas  in  length,  and  one  galley 
of  6-point,  111  picas  long.  To  find  the  correct  number  of  ems  in  the  type  set  the 
problem  is  solved  in  the  following  manner : 

Solution—  120  -f  128  -\-  130  -f-  132  =  510  picas  10-point 

118  -f  128 ==  246  picas    8-point 

510  X  18  X  1.44  =  13219 
246  X  18  X  2.25  =  9963 
111  X  18  X  4       =    7992 


Total  number  of  ems 31174 

How  many  10-point  ems  in  a  galley  125  pica  ems  long  by  21^  pica  ems  wide? 
Solution—  125  X  21.5  X  1-44  =  3870 


HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN    FACTORS 

How  many  8-point  ems  in  a  galley  125  picas  long  by  42  picas  wide,  according 
to  the  rules  in  force  in  machine  composition  offices? 

Solution—  125  X  42  X  2.25  X  1.5  =  17719 

Note — In  measuring  type  composition  in  the  galley  the  same  rule  is  applic- 
able as  explained  in  regard  to  the  type  page :  Find  the  number  of  pica  ems  in 
the  galley ;  then  multiply  by  the  equivalent  of  the  type  body  or  bodies  in  question. 
Where  there  are  many  galleys  of  the  same  length  and  width  and  of  the  same  type 
body  multiply  the  number  of  pica  ems  in  one  galley  by  the  number  of  galleys, 
then  by  the  equivalent  in  question.  A  still  easier  method  is  advocated  under  the 
heading.  Pica  for  Standard  Linotype  Galley  Length.  A  table  showing  the  number 
of  ems  in  such  a  galley  in  all  type  bodies  and  in  all  measures  from  10  to  30  ems 
is  given  in  the  reference  tables. 

We  have  claimed  for  this  method  that  it  is  simple,  practical  and  time  and  labor- 
saving;  and  this  claim  we  have  tried  to  substantiate  with  abundant  proof.  There 
remains,  therefore,  only  one  more  point  to  settle:  Is  it  reliable?  Can  it  be  de- 
pended on  to  give  the  correct  number  of  ems  in  the  type  page  or  galley  ?  Although 
this  question  could  easily  be  met  with  the  counter  question :  Is  it  possible  that 
there  are  more  or  less  than  four  6-point  ems  in  one  pica  em  ?  the  method  in  itself 
is  so  simple  that  the  skeptic  may  find  excuse  for  his  doubt  in  its  simplicity. 
Furthermore,  the  history  of  progress  shows  that  every  forward  step  from  the 
complicated  to  the  simple  has  been  regarded  with  doubt.  We  will  therefore  make 
a  comparison  between  this  method  of  figuring  type  composition  and  the  old-time 
printers'  method  (which,  by  the  way,  still  is  the  prevailing  method  in  most  printing 
offices.)  We  will  again  consider  the  10-point  page  mentioned  above,  20  x  35  picas 
in  size.  According  to  the  method  here  advocated,  this  page  contains  1008  10-point 
ems.  Of  course,  we  could  with  propriety  claim  that  any  method  by  which  more 
or  less  than  1008  10-point  ems  is  found  in  this  page  is  absolutely  wrong  in  prin- 
ciple, but  we  will  be  guided  rather  by  the  old  rule  that  proof  is  better  than 
assertion. 

By  the  old-time  method  mentioned  we  first  find  the  number  of  10-point  ems 
in  the  line,  which  is  done  by  multiplying  the  number  of  12-point  ems  (20)  by  12 
and  dividing  the  product  by  10.  In  this  way  we  find  that  there  are  24  10-point 
ems  in  the  20-pica  line.  In  the  same  manner  we  find  that  there  are  42  10-point 
lines  in  the  35-pica  depth  of  the  page.     Then 

Solution—  42  X  24  =  1008  10-point  ems 

If  still  more  proof  is  demanded,  attention  is  called  to  the  fact  that  there  are 
144  square  points  in  the  12-point  em,  100  in  the  10-point  em,  and  64  in  the 
8-point  em.  By  dividing  144  by  100,  1.44  is  the  result  obtained;  by  64,  2.25 
is  the  result.  Make  yourself  a  square  containnig  100  12-point  ems,  10  in  a  row ; 
then  make  one  of  144  10-point  ems,  12  in  a  row,  and  one  of  225  8-point  ems,  15 
in  a  row.  By  comparing  them  you  will  find  that  the  three  squares  occupy  exactly 
the  same  space.  The  proportion,  therefore,  as  set  forth  in  the  foregoing  discus- 
sion, must  be  absolutely  correct. 


HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN    FACTORS 
PRACTICAL  WAY  TO  USE  REFERENCE  TABLES 

TT  is  a  matter  of  every-day  experience  that,  in  these  days  of  ])rice  cutting  and 
-^  fierce  struggle  for  business,  the  printer  best  equipped  with  labor-saving  devices 
of  all  kinds  is  the  one  carrying  away  the  plums.  The  printer's  customer  is 
generally  a  busy  one,  whose  time  is  valuable.  As  such  he  asks  quick  action,  and 
can  hardly  be  expected  to  look  with  favor  on  anyone  taking  more  of  his  time 
than  absolute  necessity  demands,  be  it  in  the  production  of  his  order  or  in 
estimating  its  cost.  The  printer,  therefore,  who  finds  it  necessary  to  use  pencil 
and  paper  in  long,  tedious  calculation  of  the  composition  cost  of  a  page  of 
stated  size  and  type  body,  is  not  likely  to  remain  long  in  his  favor.  He  will 
expect  him  to  be  in  possession  of  the  necessary  data  to  settle  such  details  with  the 
least  possible  loss  of  time. 

With  an  honest  desire  to  furnish  such  data  in  the  most  practical  and  reliable 
manner,  the  reference  tables  contained  in  this  book  have  been  worked  out. 
The  object  in  view  has  been  to  save  the  printer's  time.  To  that  end  special 
attention  has  been  given  the  page  containing  more  than  one  size  of  body  type. 

Suppose  you  wish  to  find  the  number  of  ems  in  a  page  23  x  42  pica  ems  in 
size.  18  pica  ems  in  length  of  this  page  are  set  in  10-point,  14  in  8-point,  and  10 
in  6-point.  By  referring  to  the  page  where  the  23-em  quotations  are  given,  you 
will  find  under  the  respective  headings : 

6-point— 23  X  10  =  920 

8-point— 23  X  14  =  725 

10-point— 23  X  18  =  596 

By  adding  the  numbers  together  you  have  the  correct  number  of  ems  in  the 
page. 

Follow  this  method  in  all  cases  where  there  are  more  than  one  type  body  in 
the  page. 


PLEA  FOR  STANDARD  LINOTYPE  GALLEY  LENGTH 

T)  Y  considering  the  example  given  above  of  the  printer  receiving  seven  galleys 
-L*  of  linotype  composition  from  the  machine  office,  no  two  of  which  were  of 
the  same  length,  the  question  will  of  necessity  present  itself :  Why  were  not 
these  galleys  made  up  in  even  lengths,  or  as  many  of  them  as  could  conveniently 
so  be  arranged  ?  This  question  leads  to  another :  Why  have  not  the  machine 
offices  adopted  a  standard  galley  length? 

There  are  at  least  three  strong  reasons  why  every  machine  office  selling  linotype 
composition  to  the  trade,  or  otherwise  handling  linotype  composition  to  any  extent, 
should  adopt  such  a  standard  galley  length. 

First — Because  it  saves  valuable  time  and  increases  the  profit.  If  a  standard 
galley  length  of,  say  22  inches,  is  adopted,  and  the  operators  are  instructed  to 

10 


HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN    FACTORS 

fill  their  galleys  accordingly,  the  dreary  task  of  measuring  the  strings  can  be 
more  or  less  dispensed  with.  What  now  generally  takes  the  biggest  part  of  the 
forenoon  of  a  well-paid  employe,  can  be  accomplished  in  half  an  hour.  Clear 
gain — a  lot  of  valuable  time. 

Second — Because  the  front  office  will  at  all  times  know  where  the  precious 
linotype  metal  is  located  without  having  to  depend  on  the  figures  handed  in  by 
careless  office  boys.  This  applies  in  the  same  measure  to  the  customer  who  must 
account  for  the  metal  received.  Clear  gain — less  friction  between  the  linotyper 
and  his  customer  in  regard  to  metal  received  and  shipped. 

Third — Because  the  customer  will  be  pleased.  He  knows,  or  is  very  likely 
to  find  out,  that  there  is  no  reason  under  the  sun  why  his  10,  12  or  14  galleys  of 
10-point,  all  set  to  the  same  measure,  can  not  be  delivered  to  him  in  strings  of  the 
same  length.  His  time  is  as  valuable  as  the  next  man's,  and  he  may  not  be  able 
to  see  why  he  should  be  forced  to  waste  it  in  measuring  his  galley  proofs.  Clear 
gain — satisfaction  where  it  is  ivorth  something. 

Have  a  measure  made  exactly  132  picas  in  length,  and  instruct  your  operators 
to  fill  their  galleys  to  the  end  of  that  measure,  and  no  more.  There  is  no  loss  of 
time,  and  the  result  will  be  immediately  appreciated  by  all  directly  concerned. 

For  the  number  of  ems  in  such  a  galley  in  all  type  bodies  from  5  to  12-point, 
and  in  all  widths  from  10  to  30  ems,  half  measures  included,  see  pages  13  and  14. 

HOW  TO  ESTIMATE  WEIGHT  OF  LINOTYPE  COMPOSITION 

THE  publisher  of  a  weekly,  semi-monthly  or  monthly  publication,  as  well 
as  the  printer  engaged  in  the  production  of  technical  or  scientific  books 
requiring  many  proofs,  often  are  forced  to  have  considerable  quantities  of 
linotype  metal  tied  up  from  one  month  to  another.  This  metal  must  be  paid  for 
by  somebody,  and  the  interest  on  such  an  investment  must  come  out  of  somebody's 
pocket.  To  know  with  certainty  how  many  pounds  of  linotype  metal  are  required 
for  a  galley  of  composition  of  a  certain  number  of  ems  or  for  a  book  page  of 
a  certain  size,  is  therefore  a  matter  of  interest  to  them.  For  their  benefit, 
therefore,  we  will  show  how  linotype  metal  can  be  correctly  estimated,  in  fact, 
as  correctly  estimated  as  it  can  be  weighed  on  any  ordinary  scale. 

Linotype  slugs,  as  they  come  from  the  machine  in  an  average  day's  run  in 
linotype  offices  where  good  slugs  are  required,  weighs  7  pounds  for  each  1000  pica 
ems  for  all  faces  up  to  and  incluidng  10-point;  11  and  12-point,  6]4,  pounds. 
This  is  for  solid  slugs,  free  from  air  holes  aiid  trimmed  correctly  to  the  fraction 
of  a  point.  8-point  set  on  a  10-point  slug,  or  10-point  set  on  a  12-point  slug, 
weighs  a  trifle  more  than  6^  pounds  per  1000  pica  ems.  A  galley  22  inches  long 
weighs  1  pound  for  each  pica  em  in  width  for  all  measures  up  to  and  including 
13  pica  ems;  that  is,  a  galley  of  linotype  composition  13  picas  wide  and  22  inches 
long,  weighs  13  pounds ;  between  13  and  20  ems  in  width,  a  trifle  less  than  a  pound 
per  pica  width,  varying  about  3^  to  ^  pound  to  the  galley  as  the  measure  increases. 
A  galley  20  pica  ems  wide  weighs  about  19^  pounds ;  a  galley  25  pica  ems  wide 
about  243/2  pounds,  and  a  galley  30  pica  ems  wide  about  29^  pounds.     This  too, 

11 


HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN    FACTORS 

is  for  a  solid  slug  as  mentioned  above.  For  a  slug  2  points  thicker  than  the  face, 
deduct  ^  pound  for  measures  of  13  pica  ems  or  less  in  width ;  ^A  pound  for 
measures  14,  15  and  16  pica  ems  in  width;  ^  pound  for  measures  from  17  to  20 
pica  ems  in  width,  and  1  pound  for  all  measures  above  20  pica  ems  in  width. 
This  wil  Icome  as  close  to  the  point  as  estimating  an  uncertain  thing  is  possible, 
and  will  give  satisfactory  results.  Furthermore,  if  you  should  in  some  way  be 
the  loser  of  a  pound  in  one  hundred,  you  can  safely  add  a  like  amount  as  clear 
profit  because  of  the  labor  and  time  saved. 

RULES  GOVERNING  SALE  OF  MACHINE  COMPOSITION 

THE  following  rules  governing  the  production  and  sale  of  machine  composition, 
have   been   adopted   by   the   Chicago   Machine   Composition   Club,    and   are 
enforced  in  all  offices  belonging  to  this  club : 

The  minimum  line  measure  is  20  ems  of  the  type  set. 

Copy  intended  for  the  machine  should  be  legible  and  edited.  Copy  furnished 
in  books,  written  on  botft  sides  of  the  paper,  or  in  any  form  which  prevents  it 
being  readily  handled,  or  poorly  prepared  copy,  is  objectionable  matter. 

Type  larger  than  11-point  will  be  charged  as  10-point  and  charged  at  10-point 
price. 

Counted  lines  to  run  around  cuts,  initial  letters,  etc.,  will  be  charged  at  double 
price  and  measured  the  full  width  of  the  job. 

Matter  set  over  30  ems  wnll  be  charged  price  and  one-half ;  if  lines  contain 
small  caps,  italics  or  black  face,  double  price. 

A  minimum  charge  of  50  cents  for  each  alteration  will  be  made  where  no 
change  of  machine  is  required.  Where  change  of  machine  or  type  is  required, 
charge  will  be  made  on  time  basis. 

An  extra  charge  on  time  basis  will  be  made  for  assembling  on  galleys,  two  or 
more  faces  of  type,  heads,  etc. 

All  jobs  of  less  than  5000  ems  to  be  charged  on  the  basis  of  hand  composition. 

Matter  containing  a  large  proportion  of  figures  or  other  technical  matter  will 
be  considered  as  objectionable  matter  and  charged  on  basis  of  time  work. 

All  matter  which  requires  lines  to  be  centered,  price  and  one-half ;  where 
centered  over  30  ems,  time  work. 

Lines  with  small  caps,  bold  face  or  italics  shall  be  charged  two  lines  for  one ; 
50  ems  extra  will  be  charged  for  each  character  inserted  by  hand. 

Captions  over  tabular  matter  to  be  set  on  time  work  only.  Captions  under 
cuts  charged  as  double  price. 

Jobs  running  in  all  italics  or  all  black  face  will  be  charged  at  price  and  one- 
half  ;  where  both  are  used  in  the  same  job,  the  charge  will  be  on  time  basis. 

Matter  running  line  for  line  is  objectionable  matter. 

Leader  work  is  price  and  one-half ;  with  two  justifications,  double  price. 

An  extra  charge  will  be  made  for  Cheltenham  and  other  "skinny"  type. 

All  metal  must  be  paid  for  or  returned  within  30  days  or  a  rental  charge  of 
Yz  cent  per  pound  per  month  will  be  charged. 

Minimum  charge,  $1.00. 

12 


REFERENCE   TABLES 

Showing  the  Correct  Number  of  Ems 
in  the  Galley  or  Type  Page 

NUMBER  OF  EMS  IN  22-INCH  ( 1 32  PICA  EMS)  GALLEY 


Width  of  Galley 

in  Pica 

Ems    5-pt. 

5y2-pt. 

6-pt. 

7-pt. 

8-pt. 

lO-pt. 

ii-pt. 

12-pt. 

10 

7604 

6283 

5280 

3880 

2970 

1901 

1570 

1320 

10    *.. 

7604 

6283 

5280 

4520 

3960 

3168 

11 

8364 

6911 

5708 

4268 

3267 

2091 

1727 

1452 

11    *.. 

8364 

6911 

5708 

4520 

3960 

3168 

12 

9124 

7539 

6336 

4656 

3564 

2281 

1884 

1584 

12  *.. 

9124 

7539 

6336 

4656 

3960 

3168 

12>^.  .. 

9504 

7853 

6600 

4850 

3712 

2376 

1963 

1650 

121^*.. 

9504 

7853 

6600 

4850 

3960 

3168 

13      .. 

9884 

8167 

6864 

5044 

3860 

2471 

2041 

1716 

13     *.. 

9884 

8167 

6864 

5044 

3960 

3168 

uy2  .. 

10264 

8482 

7128 

5238 

4008 

2566 

2120 

1782 

13/2*- 

10264 

8482 

7128 

5238 

4008 

3168 

14   .. 

10644 

8796 

7392 

5432 

4158 

2661 

2198 

1848 

14  *.. 

10644 

8796 

7392 

5432 

4158 

3168 

uy2  ... 

11024 

9110 

7656 

5626 

4304 

2756 

2277 

1914 

14>4*... 

11024 

9110 

7656 

5626 

4304 

3168 

15      ... 

11404 

9424 

7920 

5820 

4452 

2851 

2355 

1980 

15     *.., 

11404 

9424 

7920 

5820 

4452 

3168 

15>^  ... 

11784 

9738 

8184 

6014 

4600 

2946 

2434 

2046 

15><*... 

11784 

9738 

8184 

6014 

4600 

3168 

16      ... 

12164 

10052 

8448 

6208 

4748 

3041 

2512 

2112 

16    *... 

12164 

10052 

8448 

6208 

4748 

3168 

165^  ... 

12544 

10367 

8712 

6402 

4896 

3136 

2591 

2178 

i6y2*... 

12544 

10367 

8712 

6402 

4896 

3168 

17      ... 

12924 

10681 

8976 

6596 

5044 

3231 

2669 

2244 

17/  ... 

13304 

10995 

9240 

6790 

5192 

3326 

2748 

2310 

18      ... 

13684 

11309 

9504 

6984 

5346 

3421 

2826 

2376 

18/  ... 

14064 

11624 

9768 

7178 

5488 

3516 

2905 

2442 

19      ... 

14444 

11938 

10032 

7372 

5636 

3611 

2983 

2508 

19/  -. 

14824 

12252 

10296 

7566 

5784 

3706 

3063 

2574 

20      ... 

15208 

12566 

10560 

7760 

5940 

3802 

3142 

2640 

20/ 

...  15588 

12880 

10824 

7954 

6090 

3897 

3221 

2706 

21       ... 

15968 

13194 

11088 

8148 

6140 

3992 

3299 

2772 

21/  ... 

16348 

13508 

11352 

8342 

6290 

4087 

3378 

2838 

22   ... 

16728 

13822 

11616 

8537 

6440 

4183 

3456 

2904 

22/  ... 

17108 

14137 

11880 

8731 

6590 

4277 

3535 

2970 

23      ... 

17488 

14451 

12144 

8926 

6739 

4371 

3613 

3036 

•See  R; 

ules  Governing 

Sale  of  Mach 

ine  Composi\ 

Hon. 

13 


HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN    FACTORS 


NUMBER  OF  EMS  IN  22-INCH  (132  PICA  EMS)  GALLEY 

Width  of  Galley 

in  Pica  Ems    5-pt. 

5^^-pt. 

C-pt. 

7-pt. 

8-pt. 

lO-pt. 

ii-pt. 

12-pt. 

2zy2  ... 

17868 

14765 

12408 

9120 

6888 

4467 

3691 

3102 

24      ... 

18248 

15079 

12672 

9314 

7128 

4562 

3770 

3168 

24K'  ... 

18628 

15392 

12936 

9508 

7277 

4657 

3848 

3234 

25      ... 

19008 

15706 

13200 

9702 

7426 

4752 

3927 

3300 

25>4  ... 

19388 

16020 

13464 

9896 

7575 

4847 

4005 

3366 

26      ... 

19768 

16334 

13728 

10090 

7722 

4942 

4084 

3432 

26/,  ... 

20148 

16648 

13992 

10284 

7871 

5037 

4162 

3498 

27   ... 

20528 

16963 

14256 

10478 

8020 

5132 

4241 

3564 

27/.  ... 

20908 

\7ZI7 

14520 

10671 

8168 

5227 

4319 

3630 

28      ... 

21288 

17591 

14984 

10866 

8316 

5322 

4398 

3696 

28/2  - 

21668 

17905 

15048 

11060 

8465 

5417 

4476 

3762 

29      ... 

22048 

18219 

15312 

11254 

8615 

5512 

4555 

3828 

29>^  ... 

22428 

18543 

15576 

11448 

8763 

5607 

4633 

3894 

30      ... 

22808 

18849 

15840 

11642 

8910 

5702 

4712 

3960 

NUMBER  OF  EMS  IN  TYPE  PAGE 


Size  Type  Page 
in  Pica  Ems 


5-pt. 


5>^-pt. 


6-pt. 


r-pt. 


8-pt. 


lO-pt. 


ii-pt. 


12-pt. 


10x14  806  666  560 

10x14* 806  666  560 

11x16  1014  838  704 

11x16* 1014  838  704 

11x17  1077  890  748 

11x17* 1077  890  748 

11x18  1140  940  792 

11x18* 1140  940  792 

12x17  1176  971  816 

12x17* 1176  971  816 

12x18  1244  1028  864 

12x18* 1244  1028  864 

12x19  1313  1085  912 

12x19* 1313  1085  912 

12x20  1382  1142  960 

12x20* 1382  1142  960 

13x18  1348  1112  936 

13x18* 1348  1112  936 

•See  Rules  Governing  Sale  of  Machine  Composition. 

14 


412 

315 

202 

167 

140 

480 

420 

336 

517 

396 

253 

209 

176 

548 

480 

384 

550 

421 

269 

222 

187 

580 

510 

408 

583 

446 

285 

235 

198 

620 

540 

432 

600 

459 

294 

243 

204 

600 

510 

408 

635 

486 

311 

257 

216 

635 

540 

432 

670 

513 

328 

271 

228 

670 

570 

456 

706 

540 

345 

285 

240 

706 

600 

480 

688 

527 

337 

278 

234 

688 

540 

432 

HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN    FACTORS 

NUMBER  OF  EMS  IN  TYPE  PAGE 

Size  Type  Page 

in  Pica  Ems  5-pt.  5i,^-pt.  6-pt.  7-pt.  8-pt.  10-pt.  11-pt.  12-pt. 


13x19  1423  1172     ■ 

13x19* 1423  1172 

13x20  1498  1238  1040 

13x20* 1498  1238  1040 

13x21  1572  1299  1092 

13x21* 1572  1299  1092 

13x22  1647  1361  1144 

13x22* 1647  1361  1144 

13x26  1947  1607  1352 

13x26* 1947  1607  1352 

13x27  2022  1668  1404 

13x27* 2022  1668  1404 

13x28  2097  1733  1456 

13x28* 2097  1733  1456 

14x20  1613  1333  1120 

14x20* 1613  1333  1120 

14x21  1693  1400  1176 

14x21* 1693  1400  1176 

14x22  1773  1468  1232 

14x22* 1773  1468  1232 

14x28  2258  1866  1568 

14x28* 2258  1866  1568 

14x29  2338  1934  1624 

14x29* 2338  1934  1624 

14x30  2419  1999  1680 

14x30* 2419  1999  1680 

15x21  1815  1500  1260 

15x21* 1815  1500  1260 

15x22  1901  1572  1320 

15x22* 1901  1572  1320 

15x23  1988  1643  1380 

15x23* 1988  1643  1380 

15x24  2074  1714  1440 

15x24* 2074  1714  1440 

15x30  2592  2142  1800 

15x30* 2592  2142  1800 

15x31  2678  2213  1860 

15x31* 2678  2213  1860 

*See  Rules  Governing  Sale  of  Machine  Composition. 

15 


726 

556 

356 

294 

247 

726 

570 

456 

764 

585 

375 

309 

260 

764 

600 

480 

802 

614 

394 

324 

273 

802 

630 

504 

840 

643 

412 

340 

286 

840 

660 

528 

993 

761 

486 

402 

338 

993 

780 

624 



1331 

790 

505 

418 

351 

1031 

810 

648 

1070 

819 

524 

433 

364 

1070 

840 

672 

823 

630 

403 

333 

280 

823 

630 

480 

864 

662 

423 

350 

294 

864 

662 

504 

905 

693 

443 

367 

308 

905 

693 

528 

1152 

882 

564 

467 

392 

1152 

882 

672 

1193 

913 

585 

483 

406 

1193 

913 

796 

1235 

945 

605 

500 

420 

1235 

945 

720 

926 

709 

454 

375 

315 

926 

709 

504 

970 

741 

475 

393 

330 

970 

741 

528 

1014 

775 

497 

411 

345 

1014 

775 

552 

1058 

809 

518 

429 

360 

1058 

809 

576 

1323 

1013 

648 

536 

450 

1323 

1013 

720 

1367 

1046 

670 

554 

465 

1367 

1046 

744 

HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN    FACTORS 

NUMBER  OF  EMS  IN  TYPE  PAGE 

Size  Type  Page 

in  Pica  Ems          5-pt.  Si^-pt.  6-pt.                  7-pt.                  S-pt.               10-pt.              11-pt.              12-pt. 

15x32  2765  2285  1920 

15x32* 2765  2285  1920 

16x  5  462     361  320 

16x  5* 462     361  320 

16x  6  553     457  384 

16x  6* 553           457  384 

16x  7  645           533  448 

16x  7* 645     533  448 

16x  8  7Z7           609  512 

16x  8* 7Z7           609  512 

16x  9  830           685  576 

16x  9* 830           685  576 

16x10  922     762  640 

16x10* 922           762  640 

16x11  1015           838  704 

16x11* 1015     838  704 

16x12  1107     914  768 

16x12* 1107           914  768 

16x13  1199     990  832 

16x13* 1199           990  832 

16x14  1291  1066  896 

16x14* 1291  1066  896 

16x15  1384  1143  960 

16x15* 1384  1143  960 

16x16  1476  1219  1024 

16x16* 1476  1219  1024 

16x17  1568  1295  1088 

16x17* 1568  1295  1088 

16x18  1660  1371  1152 

16x18* 1660  1371  1152 

16x19  1752  1448  1216 

16x19* 1752  1448  1216 

16x20  1843  1523  1280 

16x20* 1843  1523  1280 

16x21  1935  1599  1344 

16x21* 1935  1599  1344 

16x22  2028  1676  1408 

16x22* 2028  1676  1408 

16x23  2120  1753  1472 

*See  Rules  Governing  Sale  of  Machine  Composition. 

16 


1411 

1080 

691 

572 

480 

1411 

1080 

768 

235 

180 

115 

95 

80 

235 

180 

120 

282 

216 

138 

114 

96 

282 

216 

144 

329 

252 

161 

133 

112 

329 

252 

168 

376 

288 

184 

152 

128 

376 

288 

192 

423 

324 

407 

171 

144 

423 

324 

216 

470 

360 

230 

190 

160 

470 

360 

240 

517 

396 

253 

209 

176 

517 

396 

264 

564 

432 

276 

228 

192 

564 

432 

288 

611 

468 

299 

247 

208 

611 

468 

312 

658 

504 

323 

266 

224 

658 

504 

336 

705 

540 

346 

286 

240 

705 

540 

360 

752 

576 

369 

305 

256 

752 

576 

384 

800 

612 

392 

324 

272 

800 

612 

408 

847 

648 

415 

343 

288 

847 

648 

432 

894 

684 

437 

362 

304 

894 

684 

456 

941 

720 

461 

381 

320 

941 

720 

480 

988 

756 

484 

400 

336 

988 

756 

504 

1035 

792 

507 

419 

352 

1035 

792 

528 

1082 

828 

530 

438 

368 

HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN    FACTORS 

NUMBER  OF  EMS  IN  TYPE  PAGE 

Size  Type  Page 

in  Pica  Ems  5-pt.  5'/S-pt.  6-pt.  7-pt.  8-pt.  10-pt.  11-pt.  12-pt. 

16x23* 2120  1753  1472 

16x24  2212  1828  1536 

16x24* 2212  1828  1536 

16x25  2304  1904  1600 

16x25* 2304  1904  1600 

16x26  2397  1980  1664 

16x26* 2397  1980  1664 

16x27  2489  2059  1728 

16x27* 2489  2059  1728 

16x28  2582  2132  1792 

16x28* 2582  2132  1792 

16x29  2673  2209  1856 

16x29* 2673  2209  1856 

16x30  2765  2285  1920 

16x30* 2765  2285  1920 

16x31  2857  2361  1984 

16x31* 2857  2361  1984 

16x32  2949  2437  2048 

16x32* 2949  2437  2048 

16x33  3041  2513  2112 

16x33* 3041  2513  2112 

16x34  3133  2589  2176 

16x34* 3133  2589  2176 

16x35  3226  2666  2240 

16x35* 3226  2666  2240 

16x36  3318  2742  2304 

16x36* 3318  2742  2304 

16x37  3410  2818  2368 

16x37* 3410  2818  2368 

16x38  3502  2894  2432 

16x38* 3502  2894  2432 

16x39  3594  2970  2496 

16x39* 3594  2970  2496 

16x40  3686  3046  2560 

16x40* 3686  3046  2560 

17x  5  490  405  340 

17x  6  586  486  408 

17x  7  684  566  476 

17x  8  782     647  544 

*See  Rules  Governing  Sale  of  Machine  Composition. 

17 


1082 

828 

552 

1129 

864 

553 

457 

384 

1129 

864 

576 

1176 

900 

576 

476 

400 

1176 

900 

600 

1223 

936 

599 

495 

416 

1223 

936 

624 

1270 

972 

622 

514 

432 

1270 

972 

648 

1317 

1008 

645 

533 

448 

1317 

1008 

672 

1364 

1044 

668 

552 

464 

1364 

1044 

696 

1411 

1080 

691 

571 

480 

1411 

1080 

720 

1458 

1116 

714 

590 

496 

1458 

1116 

744 

1505 

1152 

737 

609 

512 

1505 

1152 

768 

1552 

1188 

760 

628 

528 

1552 

1188 

792 

1599 

1224 

783 

647 

544 

1599 

1224 

816 

1646 

1260 

806 

666 

560 

1646 

1260 

840 

1693 

1296 

829 

685 

576 

1693 

1296 

864 

1740 

1332 

852 

704 

592 

1740 

1332 

888 

1788 

1368 

876 

723 

608 

1788 

1368 

912 

1835 

1404 

899 

742 

624 

1835 

1404 

936 

1882 

1440 

922 

762 

640 

1882 

1440 

960 

250 

191 

122 

101 

85 

300 

230 

146 

122 

102 

350 

268 

171 

142 

119 

400 

306 

195 

162 

136 

HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN    FACTORS 


NUMBER  OF  EMS  IN  TYPE  PAGE 

Size  Type  Page 

in  Pica  Ems 

5-pt. 

5/.-pt. 

6-pt. 

7-pt. 

8-pt. 

lO-pt. 

ii-pt. 

12-pt. 

17x  9  

.  880 

728 

612 

450 

344 

220 

182 

153 

17x10  

.  979 

809 

680 

500 

383 

244 

202 

170 

17x11  

.  1077 

890 

748 

550 

421 

269 

224 

187 

17x12  

.  1175 

971 

816 

600 

459 

293 

242 

204 

17x13  

.  1273 

1052 

884 

650 

497 

318 

263 

221 

17x14  

.  1371 

1133 

952 

700 

536 

342 

283 

238 

17x15  

.  1469 

1214 

1020 

750 

574 

367 

303 

255 

17x16  

.  1567 

1295 

1088 

800 

612 

391 

323 

272 

17x17  

.  1665 

1376 

1156 

850 

650 

416 

343 

289 

17x18  

.  1763 

1457 

1224 

900 

689 

440 

364 

306 

17x19  

.  1861 

1537 

1292 

950 

727 

465 

384 

323 

17x20  

.  1968 

1618 

1360 

1000 

765 

489 

404 

340 

17x21  

.  2056 

1699 

1428 

1050 

803 

514 

424 

357 

17x22  

.  2154 

1780 

1496 

1100 

842 

539 

444 

374 

17x23  

.  2252 

1861 

1564 

1150 

880 

564 

464 

391 

17x24  

,  2350 

1942 

1632 

1200 

918 

588 

485 

408 

17x25  

2448 

2023 

1700 

1250 

956 

613 

505 

425 

17x26  

2546 

2104 

1768 

1300 

995 

637 

525 

442 

17x27  

,  2644 

2185 

1836 

1350 

1033 

662 

545 

459 

17x28  

,  2742 

2266 

1904 

1400 

1071 

686 

566 

476 

17x30  

2938 

2428 

2040 

1499 

1148 

7?>2, 

606 

510 

17x31  

3036 

2509 

2108 

1549 

1186 

759 

626 

527 

17x32  

3134 

2590 

2176 

1599 

1224 

784 

647 

544 

17x33  

3231 

2670 

2244 

1649 

1262 

808 

668 

561 

17x34  

3329 

2751 

2312 

1699 

1301 

832 

688 

578 

17x35  

3427 

2832 

2380 

1749 

1339 

857 

708 

595 

17x36  

,  3525 

2913 

2448 

1799 

1377 

881 

728 

612 

17x37  

3623 

2994 

2516 

1849 

1415 

906 

749 

629 

17x38  

3721 

3075 

2584 

1899 

1454 

930 

769 

646 

17x39  

3819 

3156 

2652 

1949 

1492 

955 

789 

663 

17x40  

3917 

3237 

2720 

1999 

1530 

979 

809 

680 

18x  5  

518 

428 

360 

265 

203 

130 

107 

90 

18x  6  

622 

514 

432 

317 

243 

156 

128 

108 

18x  7  

726 

600 

504 

370 

284 

182 

150 

126 

18x  8  

830 

685 

576 

423 

324 

207 

171 

144 

18x  9  

933 

771 

648 

476 

365 

233 

193 

162 

18x10  

1037 

857 

720 

529 

405 

259 

214 

180 

18x11  

1141 

943 

792 

581 

446 

285 

236 

198 

18x12  

1245 

1028 

864 

636 

486 

311 

257 

216 

18x13  

1348 

1114 

936 

689 

527 

337 

279 

234 

18 


HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN    FACTORS 

NUMBER  OF  EMS  IN  TYPE  PAGE 

Size  Type  Page 

in  Pica  Ems  5-pt.  5;/^-pt.  6-pt.  7-pt.  8-pt.  10-pt.  11-pt.  12-pt. 


18x14  .... 

1452 

1200 

1008 

742 

567 

363 

300 

252 

18x15  ... 

1556 

1285 

1080 

794 

608 

389 

321 

270 

18x16  .... 

1659 

1371 

1152 

847 

648 

414 

342 

288 

18x17  .... 

1763 

1457 

1224 

900 

689 

440 

364 

306 

18x18  .... 

1867 

1542 

1296 

953 

729 

467 

385 

324 

18x19  .... 

1970 

1628 

1368 

1006 

770 

492 

407 

342 

18x20  .... 

2074 

1714 

1440 

1058 

810 

518 

428 

360 

18x21  .... 

2178 

1799 

1512 

1112 

851 

544 

450 

378 

18.x22  .... 

....  2282 

1885 

1584 

1165 

891 

570 

471 

396 

18x23  .... 

....  2385 

1971 

1656 

1217 

932 

596 

493 

414 

18x24  .... 

....  2489 

2057 

1728 

1270 

972 

622 

514 

432 

18x25  .... 

....  2593 

2142 

1800 

1323 

1013 

648 

636 

450 

18x26  .... 

....  2697 

2228 

1872 

1376 

1053 

674 

557 

468 

18x27  .... 

....  2800 

2314 

1944 

1429 

1094 

700 

579 

486 

18x28  .... 

....  2904 

2400 

2016 

1482 

1134 

726 

600 

504 

18x29  .... 

....  3007 

2486 

2088 

1534 

1175 

752 

622 

522 

18x30  .... 

....  3110 

2571 

2160 

1587 

1215 

778 

643 

540 

18x31  .... 

....  3214 

2657 

2232 

1640 

1256 

804 

665 

558 

18x32  .... 

....  3318 

2743 

2304 

1693 

1296 

829 

686 

576 

18x33  .... 

....  3421 

2829 

2376 

1745 

1337 

855 

708 

594 

18x34  .... 

....  3525 

2913 

2448 

1798 

1377 

881 

729 

612 

18x35  .... 

....  3629 

2999 

2520 

1852 

1418 

907 

750 

630 

18x36  .... 

....  3732 

3084 

2592 

1905 

1458 

933 

771 

648 

18x37  .... 

....  3836 

3170 

2664 

1958 

1499 

959 

793 

666 

18x38  .... 

....  3940 

3256 

2736 

2011 

1539 

985 

814 

684 

18x39  .... 

....  4044 

3342 

2808 

2064 

1580 

1011 

835 

702 

18x40  .... 

....  4147 

3427 

2880 

2117 

1620 

1037 

857 

720 

19x  5  

....  547 

452 

380 

280 

214 

137 

113 

95 

19x  6  

....  656 

543 

456 

335 

256 

164 

136 

114 

19x  7  

....  766 

634 

532 

391 

299 

191 

158 

133 

19x  8  

....  875 

724 

608 

447 

342 

219 

181 

152 

19x  9  

....  985 

814 

684 

503 

385 

246 

203 

171 

19x10  

....  1094 

904 

760 

559 

428 

274 

226 

190 

19x11  

....  1204 

995 

836 

614 

470 

301 

249 

209 

19x12  

...  1313 

1085 

912 

670 

513 

328 

271 

228 

19x13  

....  1423 

1176 

988 

726 

556 

355 

294 

247 

19x14  

...  1532 

1266 

1064 

782 

599 

383 

317 

266 

19x15  

....  1642 

1357 

1140 

838 

641 

410 

339 

285 

19x16  

....  1751 

1447 

1216 

894 

684 

437 

362 

304 

19x17  

....  1861 

1538 

1292 

950 

727 

464 

384 

323 

19 


HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN    FACTORS 

NUMBER  OF  EMS  IN  TYPE  PAGE 


Size  Type  Page 
in  Pica  Ems 


5-pt. 


5yi-pt. 


6-pt. 


7-pt. 


8-pt. 


lO-jit. 


n-pt. 


12-pt. 


19x18  .... 

....  1970 

1628 

1368 

1006 

770 

492 

407 

342 

19x19  .... 

....  2080 

1719 

1444 

1062 

813 

519 

430 

361 

19x20  .... 

....  2189 

1809 

1520 

1118 

855 

547 

452 

380 

19x21  .... 

....  2298 

1900 

1596 

1173 

898 

574 

475 

399 

19x22  .... 

....  2408 

1990 

1672 

1229 

941 

601 

497 

418 

19x23  .... 

....  2517 

2081 

1748 

1286 

984 

629 

520 

437 

19x24  .... 

....  2627 

2171 

1824 

1342 

1027 

657 

543 

456 

19x25  .... 

....  2736 

2261 

1900 

1397 

1069 

684 

565 

475 

19x26  .... 

....  2845 

2352 

1976 

1453 

1112 

711 

588 

494 

19x27  .... 

....  2955 

2443 

2052 

1509 

1154 

738 

610 

513 

19x28  .... 

....  3064 

2533 

2128 

1564 

1197 

765 

633 

532 

19x29  .... 

....  3174 

2624 

2204 

1620 

1240 

793 

656 

551 

19x30  .... 

....  3283 

2713 

2280 

1676 

1283 

821 

878 

570 

19x31  .... 

....  3393 

2804 

2356 

1732 

1325 

848 

701 

589 

19x32  .... 

....  3502 

2895 

2432 

1788 

1368 

876 

724 

608 

19x33  .... 

....  3612 

2985 

2508 

1843 

1411 

903 

746 

627 

19x34  .... 

....  3721 

3076 

2584 

1899 

1454 

930 

769 

646 

19x35  .... 

....  3830 

3165 

2660 

1955 

1496 

958 

791 

665 

19x36  .... 

....  3940 

3256 

2736 

2011 

1539 

985 

814 

684 

19x37  .... 

....  4049 

3346 

2812 

2067 

1582 

1012 

837 

703 

19x38  .... 

....  4159 

3437 

2888 

2123 

1625 

1040 

859 

722 

20x  5  .... 

....  576 

476 

400 

294 

225 

144 

119 

100 

20x  6  .... 

....  691 

571 

480 

353 

270 

173 

143 

120 

20x  7  .... 

....  806 

666 

560 

412 

315 

202 

167 

140 

20x  8  .... 

....  921 

761 

640 

471 

360 

231 

191 

160 

20x  9  .... 

....  1036 

857 

720 

530 

405 

260 

215 

180 

20x10  .... 

....  1152 

952 

800 

588 

450 

288 

238 

200 

20x11  .... 

....  1267 

1047 

880 

647 

495 

317 

262 

220 

20x12  .... 

....  1382 

1142 

960 

706 

540 

346 

286 

240 

20x13  .... 

....  1497 

1237 

1040 

765 

585 

375 

310 

260 

20x14  .... 

....  1612 

1332 

1120 

824 

630 

404 

333 

280 

20x15  .... 

....  1728 

1428 

1200 

882 

675 

432 

357 

300 

20x16  .... 

....  1843 

1523 

1280 

941 

720 

461 

381 

320 

20x17  .... 

....  1958 

1618 

1360 

1000 

765 

490 

405 

340 

20x18  .... 

....  2073 

1713 

1440 

1059 

810 

519 

429 

360 

20x19  .... 

....  2188 

1808 

1520 

1118 

855 

548 

453 

380 

20x20  .... 

....  2304 

1904 

1600 

1176 

900 

576 

476 

400 

20x21  .... 

....  2419 

1999 

1680 

1235 

945 

605 

500 

420 

20x22  .... 

....  2534 

2094 

1760 

1294 

990 

634 

524 

440 

20x23  .... 

....  2649 

2189 

1840 

1353 

1035 

663 

548 

460 

20 


HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN    FACTORS 

NUMBER  OF  EMS  IN  TYPE  PAGE 

Size  Type  Page 

in  Pica  Ems    5-pt.       5i/>-pt.       6-pt.       7-pt.       8-pt.      10-pt.      11-pt.      12-pt. 

20x24  2764 

20x25  2880 

20x26  2995 

20x27  3110 

20x28  3225 

20x29  3340 

20x30  3456 

20x31  3571 

20x32  3686 

20x33  3801 

20x34  3916 

20x35  4032 

20x36  4147 

20x37  4262 

20x38  4378 

20x39  4493 

20x40  4608 

21x  5  604 

21x  6  725 

21x  7  846 

21x  8  967 

21x  9  1088 

21x10  1209 

21x11  1330 

21x12  1451 

21x13  1572 

21x14  1693 

21x15  1814 

21x16  1935 

21x17  2056 

21x18  2177 

21x19  2298 

21x20  2418 

21x21  2539 

21x22  2660 

21x23  2781 

21x24  2902 

21x25  3023 

21x26  3144 

21x27  3265 

21 


2284 

1920 

1412 

1080 

692 

572 

480 

2380 

2000 

1470 

1125 

720 

595 

500 

2475 

2080 

1529 

1170 

750 

619 

520 

2570 

2160 

1587 

1215 

778 

643 

540 

2665 

2240 

1646 

1260 

807 

667 

560 

2760 

2320 

1705 

1305 

836 

691 

580 

2856 

2400 

1764 

1350 

864 

714 

600 

2951 

2480 

1822 

1395 

893 

738 

620 

3046 

2560 

1881 

1440 

922 

762 

640 

3141 

2640 

1940 

1485 

950 

785 

660 

3236 

2720 

2019 

1530 

979 

809 

680 

3332 

2800 

2058 

1575 

1008 

833 

700 

3427 

2880 

2117 

1620 

1037 

857 

720 

3522 

2960 

2176 

1665 

1066 

881 

740 

3618 

3040 

2234 

1710 

1094 

904 

760 

3713 

3120 

2293 

1755 

1123 

928 

780 

3808 

3200 

2352 

1800 

1152 

952 

800 

500 

420 

309 

236 

151 

125 

105 

600 

504 

371 

283 

181 

150 

126 

700 

588 

433 

330 

210 

175 

147 

800 

672 

495 

Z77 

240 

200 

168 

900 

756 

556 

425 

271 

225 

189 

1000 

840 

617 

473 

302 

250 

210 

1100 

924 

679 

520 

332 

275 

231 

1199 

1008 

741 

567 

362 

300 

252 

1299 

1092 

803 

614 

393 

325 

273 

1399 

1176 

864 

662 

423 

350 

294 

1499 

1260 

926 

709 

453 

375 

315 

1599 

1344 

988 

756 

484 

400 

336 

1699 

1428 

1050 

803 

514 

425 

357 

1799 

1512 

nil 

851 

544 

450 

378 

1899 

1596 

1173 

898 

575 

475 

399 

1999 

1680 

1234 

945 

605 

500 

420 

2099 

1764 

1296 

992 

635 

525 

441 

2199 

1848 

1358 

1040 

665 

550 

462 

2299 

1932 

1420 

1087 

696 

'T^l'^ 

483 

2399 

2016 

1481 

1134 

726 

600 

504 

2499 

2100 

1543 

1181 

756 

625 

525 

2599 

2184 

1605 

1229 

786 

650 

546 

2699 

2268 

1667 

1276 

817 

675 

567 

HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN    FACTORS 


NUMBER  OF  EMS  IN  TYPE  PAGE 

Size  Type  Pagi 

c 

in  Pica  Ems 

5-pt. 

5/2-pt. 

6-pt. 

7-pt. 

8-pt. 

10-pt. 

11-pt. 

12-pt. 

21x28  

..  3386 

2799 

2352 

1728 

1323 

847 

700 

588 

21x29  

..  3507 

2899 

2436 

1790 

1370 

877 

725 

609 

21x30  

..  3628 

2999 

2520 

1851 

1418 

907 

750 

630 

21x31  

..  3749 

3099 

2604 

1913 

1465 

937 

775 

651 

21x32  

..  3871 

3199 

2688 

1975 

1512 

968 

800 

672 

21x33  

..  3992 

3299 

2772 

2037 

1559 

998 

825 

693 

21x34  

..  4113 

3399 

2856 

2098 

1607 

1028 

850 

714 

21x35  

.  4234 

3499 

2940 

2160 

1654 

1059 

875 

735 

21x36  

.  4355 

3599 

3024 

2222 

1701 

1089 

900 

756 

21x37  ...... 

.  4476 

3699 

3108 

2284 

1749 

1119 

925 

717 

21x38  

.  4595 

3799 

3192 

2346 

1796 

1149 

950 

798 

21x39  

.  4716 

3899 

3276 

2408 

1843 

1179 

975 

819 

21x40  

.  4837 

3998 

3360 

2470 

1890 

1210 

1000 

840 

21x41  

.  4958 

4098 

3444 

2531 

1937 

1240 

1025 

861 

21x42  

.  5079 

4198 

3528 

2593 

1985 

1270 

1050 

882 

21x43  

.  5200 

4298 

3612 

2655 

2032 

1300 

1075 

903 

22x  5  

.  634 

524 

440 

323 

248 

158 

131 

110 

22x  6  

.  761 

629 

528 

388 

298 

190 

157 

132 

22x  7  _. 

.  888 

734 

616 

453 

347 

222 

183 

154 

22x  8  

.  1015 

838 

704 

517 

397 

254 

209 

176 

22x  9  

.  1141 

943 

792 

582 

446 

285 

235 

198 

22x10  

.  1267 

1047 

880 

647 

495 

317 

262 

220 

22x11  

.  1394 

1152 

968 

711 

545 

349 

288 

242 

22x12  

1521 

1257 

1056 

776 

594 

381 

314 

264 

22x13  

,  1648 

1361 

1144 

841 

644 

412 

340 

286 

22x14  

1774 

1466 

1232 

906 

693 

444 

366 

308 

22x15  

1901 

1571 

1310 

970 

743 

476 

392 

330 

22x16  

2028 

1676 

1408 

1035 

792 

507 

418 

352 

22x17  

2155 

1780 

1596 

1100 

842 

539 

445 

374 

22x18  

2281 

1885 

1584 

1164 

891 

571 

471 

396 

22x19  

2408 

1990 

1672 

1229 

941 

602 

497 

418 

22x20  

2534 

2094 

1760 

1294 

990 

534 

524 

440 

22x21  

2661 

2199 

1848 

1358 

1040 

666 

550 

462 

22x22  

2788 

2304 

1936 

1423 

1089 

697 

576 

484 

22x23  

2915 

2409 

2024 

1488 

1139 

729 

602 

506 

22x24  

3041 

2513 

2112 

1552 

1188 

761 

628 

528 

22x25  

3168 

2618 

2200 

1617 

1238 

792 

654 

550 

22x26  

3259 

2723 

2288 

1681 

1287 

824 

681 

572 

22x27  

3422 

2827 

2376 

1746 

1337 

856 

707 

594 

22x28  

3549 

2932 

2464 

1811 

1386 

887 

733 

616 

90 


HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN-    FACTORS 
NUMBER  OF  EMS  IN  TYPE  PAGE 

Size  Type  Page 

in  Pica  Ems    5-pt.       5K'-pt.       6-pt.       7-pt.       8-pt.      10-pt.      11-pt.      12-pt. 

22x29  3676 

22x30  3802 

22x31  3929 

22x32  4056 

22x33  4182 

22x34  4309 

22x35  4436 

22x36  4563 

22x37  4687 

22x38  4814 

22x39  4942 

22x40  5069 

22x41  5196 

22x42  5322 

22x43  5449 

22x44  5556 

23x  5  662 

23x  6  795 

23x  7  927 

23x  8  1060 

23x  9  1192 

23x10  1325 

23x11  1458 

23x12  1590 

23x13  1723 

23x14  1855 

23x15  1987 

23x16  2120 

23x17  2252 

23x18  2385 

23x19  2517 

23x20  2650 

23x21  2782 

23x22  2915 

23x23  3047 

23x24  3180 

23x25  3312 

23x26  3445 

23x27  3577 

23x28  3710 

23 


3037 

2552 

1876 

1436 

919 

759 

638 

3142 

2640 

1940 

1485 

950 

785 

660 

3246 

2728 

2005 

1535 

982 

812 

682 

3351 

2816 

2070 

1584 

1014 

838 

704 

3456 

2904 

2134 

1634 

1045 

864 

726 

3560 

2992 

2199 

1683 

1077 

890 

748 

3665 

3080 

2264 

1733 

1109 

916 

770 

3770 

3168 

2328 

1782 

1140 

942 

792 

3875 

3256 

2393 

1832 

1172 

968 

814 

3979 

3344 

2458 

1882 

1204 

994 

836 

4084 

3432 

2522 

1931 

1235 

1021 

858 

4189 

3520 

2687 

1980 

1267 

1047 

880 

4294 

3608 

2752 

2030 

1298 

1073 

902 

4398 

3696 

2817 

2079 

1330 

1100 

924 

4503 

3764 

2881 

2129 

1362 

1128 

946 

4608 

3852 

2946 

2178 

1394 

1152 

968 

547 

460 

338 

259 

166 

137 

115 

657 

552 

406 

311 

199 

164 

138 

766 

644 

474 

362 

232 

191 

161 

876 

736 

541 

414 

265 

218 

184 

985 

828 

609 

466 

298 

247 

207 

1095 

920 

676 

518 

331 

274 

230 

1204 

1012 

744 

569 

364 

301 

253 

1314 

1104 

812 

621 

397 

328 

276 

1423 

1196 

878 

673 

431 

356 

299 

1533 

1288 

946 

725 

464 

383 

322 

1642 

1380 

1014 

776 

497 

411 

345 

1752 

1472 

1082 

828 

530 

438 

368 

1861 

1564 

1150 

880 

563 

466 

391 

1971 

1656 

1217 

932 

596 

493 

414 

2080 

1748 

1285 

983 

629 

520 

437 

2190 

1840 

1352 

1035 

662 

547 

460 

2299 

1932 

1420 

1087 

696 

575 

483 

2409 

2024 

1488 

1139 

729 

602 

506 

2518 

2116 

1555 

1190 

762 

630 

529 

2628 

2208 

1623 

1242 

795 

657 

552 

2737 

2300 

1691 

1294 

828 

684 

575 

2847 

2392 

1758 

1346 

861 

712 

598 

2956 

2484 

1826 

1397 

894 

739 

621 

3066 

2576 

1893 

1449 

927 

766 

644 

HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN'    FACTORS 


NUMBER  OF  EMS  IN  TYPE  PAGE 

Size  Type  Page 

in  Pica  Ems 

5-pt. 

5^-pt. 

6-pt. 

7-pt. 

8-pt. 

lO-pt. 

ii-pt. 

12-pt. 

23x29  

.  3842 

3175 

2668 

1961 

1501 

960 

794 

667 

23x30  

.  3974 

3284 

2760 

2029 

1553 

994 

821 

690 

23x31  

.  4107 

3394 

2852 

2096 

1605 

1027 

848 

713 

23x32  

.  4239 

3503 

2944 

2164 

1657 

1060 

876 

736 

23x33  

.  4372 

3613 

3036 

2231 

1708 

1093 

903 

759 

23x34  

.  4504 

3722 

3128 

2299 

1760 

1126 

931 

782 

23x35  

.  4637 

3832 

3220 

2367 

1811 

1159 

958 

805 

23x36  

.  4769 

3941 

:  3312 

2434 

1863 

1192 

985 

828 

23x37  

.  4902 

4051 

3404 

2502 

1915 

1225 

1013 

851 

23x38  

.  5034 

4160 

3496 

2570 

1967 

1258 

1040 

874 

23x39  

.  5176 

4270 

3588 

2637 

2018 

1292 

1067 

897 

23x40  

.  5299 

4379 

3680 

2705 

2070 

1325 

1095 

920 

23x41  

.  5432 

4489 

3772 

2772 

2122 

1358 

1122 

943 

23x42  

.  5564 

4598 

3864 

2840 

2174 

1391 

1150 

966 

23x43  

.  5697 

4708 

3956 

2907 

2225 

1424 

1177 

989 

23x44  

.  5829 

4817 

4048 

2975 

2277 

1457 

1204 

1012 

23x45  

.  5962 

4926 

4140 

3043 

2329 

1491 

1232 

1035 

24x  5  , 

.  691 

571 

480 

353 

270 

173 

143 

120 

24x  6  

.  829 

685 

576 

423 

324 

208 

171 

144 

24x  7  

.  968 

800 

672 

494 

378 

242 

200 

168 

24x  8  

.  1106 

914 

768 

564 

432 

277 

229 

192 

24x  9  

.  1244 

1028 

864 

635 

486 

311 

257 

216 

24x10  

.  1382 

1142 

960 

706 

540 

346 

286 

240 

24x11  

.  1520 

1275 

1056 

776 

594 

381 

314 

264 

24x12  

.  1659 

1371 

1152 

847 

648 

415 

343 

288 

24x13  

.  1797 

1485 

1248 

917 

702 

450 

371 

312 

24x14  

.  1935 

1599 

1344 

988 

756 

484 

400 

336 

24x15  

.  2074 

1714 

1440 

1058 

810 

519 

428 

360 

24x16  

.  2212 

1828 

1536 

1129 

864 

553 

457 

384 

24x17  

.  2350 

1942 

1632 

1200 

918 

588 

486 

408 

24x18  

.  2488 

2056 

1728 

1270 

972 

622 

514 

432 

24x19  

.  2627 

2171 

1824 

1341 

1026 

657 

543 

456 

24x20  

.  2765 

2285 

1920 

1411 

1080 

691 

571 

480 

24x21  

.  2902 

2399 

2016 

1482 

1134 

726 

600 

504 

24x22  

.  3041 

2513 

2112 

1552 

1188 

760 

628 

528 

24x23  

.  3179 

2627 

2208 

1623 

1242 

795 

657 

552 

24x24  

.  3318 

2742 

2304 

1693 

1296 

829 

685 

576 

24x25  

.  3456 

2856 

2400 

1764 

1350 

864 

714 

600 

24x26  

..  3593 

2970 

2496 

1835 

1404 

898 

743 

624 

24x27  

..  3732 

3085 

2592 

1905 

1458 

933 

771 

648 

24 


HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN    FACTORS 

NUMBER  OF  EMS  IN  TYPE  PAGE 


Size  Type  Page 
in  Pica  Ems 


5-pt. 


y'/2-pt. 


6-pt. 


r-pt. 


S-pt. 


lO-pt. 


11-pt. 


12-pt. 


24x28  3871 

24x29  4009 

24x30  4147 

24x31  4285 

24x32  4424 

24x33  4562 

24x34  4700 

24x35  4838 

24x36  4977 

24x37  5115 

24x38  5253 

24x39  5391 

24x40  5530 

24x41  5668 

24x42  5806 

24x43  5944 

24x44  6083 

24x45  6221 

24x46  6359 

24x47  6497 

24x48  6636 

25x  5  720 

25x  6  864 

25x  7  1008 

25x  8  1152 

25x  9  1296 

25x10  1440 

25x1.1  1584 

25x12  1728 

25x13  1872 

25x14  2016 

25x15  2160 

25x16  2304 

25x17  2448 

25x18  2592 

25x19  2736 

25x20  2880 

25x21  3024 

25x22  3168 

25x23  3312 


3199 

2688 

1976 

1512 

967 

800 

672 

3313 

2784 

2046 

1566 

1002 

828 

696 

3427 

2880 

2117 

1620 

1037 

857 

720 

3541 

2976 

2187 

1674 

1071 

885 

744 

3656 

3072 

2258 

1728 

1106 

915 

768 

3770 

3168 

2328 

1782 

1140 

943 

792 

3884 

3264 

2399 

1836 

1175 

972 

816 

3998 

3360 

2469 

1890 

1209 

1000 

840 

4113 

3456 

2540 

1944 

1244 

1028 

864 

4227 

3552 

2610 

1998 

1278 

1057 

888 

4341 

3648 

2681 

2052 

1313 

1085 

912 

4456 

3744 

2751 

2106 

1347 

1114 

936 

4570 

3840 

2822 

2160 

1382 

1142 

960 

4684 

3936 

2893 

2214 

1416 

1171 

984 

4798 

4032 

2964 

2268 

1451 

1200 

1008 

4912 

4128 

3034 

2322 

1485 

1228 

1032 

5027 

4224 

3105 

2376 

1521 

1257 

1056 

5141 

4320 

3175 

2430 

1555 

1285 

1080 

5255 

4416 

3246 

2484 

1590 

1314 

1104 

5369 

4512 

3316 

2538 

1624 

1342 

1128 

5484 

4608 

3387 

2592 

1659 

1371 

1152 

595 

500 

368 

281 

180 

149 

125 

714 

600 

441 

338 

216 

179 

150 

833 

700 

515 

394 

252 

208 

175 

952 

800 

588 

450 

288 

238 

200 

1071 

900 

662 

506 

324 

268 

225 

1190 

1000 

735 

563 

360 

298 

250 

1309 

1100 

809 

619 

396 

328 

275 

1428 

1200 

882 

675 

432 

357 

300 

1547 

1300 

956 

731 

468 

387 

325 

1666 

1400 

1029 

788 

504 

417 

350 

1785 

1500 

1103 

844 

540 

447 

375 

1904 

1600 

1176 

900 

576 

476 

400 

2023 

1700 

1250 

956 

612 

506 

425 

2142 

1800 

1323 

1013 

648 

536 

450 

2261 

1900 

1397 

1069 

684 

565 

475 

2380 

2000 

1470 

1125 

720 

595 

500 

2499 

2100 

1544 

1181 

756 

625 

525 

2618 

2200 

1617 

1238 

792 

654 

550 

2737 

2300 

1691 

1294 

828 

684 

575 

25 


HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN    FACTORS 

NUMBER  OF  EMS  IN  TYPE  PAGE 

Size  Type  Page 

in  Pica  Ems    5-pt.       5^-pt.       G-pt.       7-pt.       8-pt.      10-pt.      11-pt.      12-pt. 

25x24  3456 

25x25  3600 

25x26  3744 

25x27  3888 

25x28  4032 

25x29  4176 

25x30  4320 

25x40  5760 

25x41  5904 

25x42  6048 

25x43  6192 

25x44  6336 

25x45  6480 

25x46  6624 

25x47  6768 

25x48  6912 

25x49  7056 

25x50  7200 

26x  5  749 

26x  6  899 

26x  7  1048 

26x  8  1198 

26x  9  1348 

26x10  1498 

26x20  2995 

26x30  4493 

26x40  5990 

26x41  6140 

26x42  6290 

26x43  6440 

26x44  6590 

26x45  6740 

26x46  6889 

26x47  7039 

26x48  7189 

26x49  7339 

26x50  7488 

27x  5  778 

27x  6  933 

26 


2856 

2400 

1764 

1350 

864 

714 

600 

2975 

2500 

1838 

1406 

900 

744 

625 

3094 

2600 

1911 

1463 

936 

774 

650 

3213 

2700 

1985 

1519 

972 

803 

675 

3332 

2800 

2058 

1575 

1008 

833 

700 

3451 

2900 

2132 

1631 

1044 

863 

725 

3570 

3000 

2205 

1688 

1080 

893 

750 

4760 

4000 

2940 

2250 

1440 

1190 

1000 

4879 

4100 

3014 

2306 

1476 

1220 

1025 

4998 

4200 

3087 

2363 

1512 

1250 

1050 

5117 

4300 

3161 

2419 

1548 

1279 

1075 

5236 

4400 

3234 

2475 

1584 

1309 

1100 

5355 

4500 

3308 

2531 

1620 

1339 

1125 

5474 

4600 

3381 

2588 

1656 

1369 

1150 

5593 

4700 

3455 

2644 

1692 

1398 

1175 

5712 

4800 

3528 

2700 

1728 

1428 

1200 

5831 

4900 

3602 

2756 

1764 

1458 

1225 

5950 

5000 

3675 

2813 

1800 

1488 

1250 

619 

520 

382 

292 

187 

155 

130 

743 

624 

459 

351 

225 

186 

156 

866 

728 

535 

410 

262 

217 

182 

990 

832 

612 

468 

300 

248 

208 

1114 

936 

688 

527 

2Z7 

278 

234 

1238 

1040 

764 

585 

374 

309 

260 

2475 

2080 

1529 

1170 

749 

619 

520 

3713 

3120 

2293 

1755 

1123 

928 

780 

4950 

4160 

3058 

2340 

1498 

1238 

1040 

5074 

4264 

3134 

2399 

1535 

1269 

1066 

5198 

4368 

3210 

2457 

1572 

1299 

1092 

5322 

4472 

3287 

2516 

1610 

1330 

1118 

5445 

4576 

3363 

2574 

1647 

1361 

1144 

5569 

4680 

3440 

2633 

1685 

1392 

1170 

5693 

4784 

3516 

2691 

1722 

1423 

1196 

5817 

4888 

3592 

2750 

1760 

1454 

1222 

5941 

4992 

3669 

2808 

1797 

1485 

1248 

6065 

5096 

3745 

2867 

1834 

1516 

1274 

6188 

5200 

3822 

2925 

1872 

1547 

1300 

643 

540 

397 

304 

194 

161 

135 

771 

648 

476 

365 

233 

193 

162 

HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN    FACTORS 


NUMBER  OF  EMS  IN  TYPE  PAGE 

- 

Size  Type  Page 

in  Pica  Ems 

5-pt. 

5;^-pt. 

G-pt. 

7-pt. 

8-pt. 

lO-pt. 

n-pt. 

12-pt. 

27x  7  

.  1089 

900 

756 

556 

425 

272 

225 

189 

27x  8  

1244 

1028 

864 

635 

486 

311 

257 

216 

27y^   9  

.  1400 

1157 

972 

714 

547 

350 

289 

243 

27x10  

.  1555 

1285 

1080 

794 

608 

389 

321 

270 

27x20  

.  3110 

2570 

2160 

1588 

1215 

778 

643 

540 

27x30  

.  4666 

3856 

3240 

2381 

1823 

1166 

964 

810 

27x40  

.  6220 

5141 

4320 

3175 

2430 

1555 

1285 

1080 

27x41  

6376 

5269 

4428 

3255 

2491 

1594 

1317 

1107 

27x42  

6532 

5398 

4536 

3340 

2552 

1633 

1349 

1134 

27x43  

,  6687 

5526 

4644 

3413 

2612 

1672 

1383 

1161 

27x44  

.  6843 

5655 

4752 

3493 

2673 

1711 

1414 

1188 

27x45  

.  6998 

5783 

4860 

3572 

2734 

1750 

1446 

1215 

27x46  

.  7154 

5912 

4968 

3651 

2795 

1788 

1478 

1224 

27x47  

.  7309 

6041 

5076 

3731 

2855 

1827 

1510 

1269 

27x48  

.  7465 

6169 

5184 

3810 

2916 

1866 

1542 

1296 

27x49  

.  7621 

6298 

5292 

3889 

2977 

1905 

1574 

1323 

27x50  

,  7776 

6426 

5400 

3969 

3038 

1944 

1607 

1350 

28x  5  

.  806 

666 

560 

412 

315 

202 

167 

140 

28x  6  

.  967 

800 

672 

494 

378 

242 

200 

168 

28x  7  

.  1128 

933 

784 

576 

441 

282 

233 

196 

28x  8  

.  1290 

1066 

896 

659 

504 

323 

267 

224 

28x  9  

.  1552 

1200 

1008 

741 

567 

363 

300 

252 

28x10  

.  1613 

1333 

1120 

823 

630 

403 

333 

280 

28x20  

.  3226 

2666 

2240 

1646 

1260 

806 

666 

560 

28x30  

.  4838 

3998 

3360 

2470 

1890 

1210 

1000 

840 

28x40  

.  6451 

5331 

4480 

3293 

2520 

1613 

1333 

1120 

28x41  

.  6612 

5464 

4592 

3375 

2583 

1653 

1366 

1148 

28x42  

.  6774 

5598 

4704 

3457 

2646 

1693 

1399 

1176 

28x43  

.  6935 

5731 

4816 

3540 

2709 

1734 

1433 

1204 

28x44  

.  7096 

5864 

4928 

3622 

2772 

1774 

1466 

1232 

28x45  

.  7258 

5998 

5040 

3704 

2835 

1814 

1499 

1260 

28x46  

.  7419 

6131 

5152 

3787 

2898 

1855 

1533 

1288 

28x47  

.  7580 

6264 

5264 

3869 

2961 

1895 

1566 

1316 

28x48  

.  7741 

6397 

5376 

3951 

3024 

1935 

1600 

1344 

28x49  

.  7903 

6531 

5488 

4034 

3087 

1976 

1633 

1372 

28x50  

.  8064 

6664 

5600 

4116 

3150 

2016 

1666 

1400 

29x  5  

.  835 

690 

580 

426 

326 

209 

173 

145 

29x  6  

.  1002 

828 

696 

512 

392 

251 

207 

174 

29x  7  

.  1169 

966 

812 

597 

457 

293 

242 

203 

27 


HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN    FACTORS 

NUMBER  OF  EMS  IN  TYPE  PAGE 


Size  Type  Page 
in  Pica  Ems 


5-pt. 


5/2-pt. 


C-pt. 


7-pt. 


8-pt. 


10-pt. 


11-pt. 


12-pt. 


29x  8  1336 

29x  9  1503 

29x10  1670 

29x20  3341 

29x30  5011 

29x40  6682 

29x41  6849 

29x42  7016 

29x43  7183 

29x44  7350 

29x45  7517 

29x46  7684 

29x47  7851 

29x48  8012 

29x49  8185 

29x50  8352 

30x  5  864 

30x  6  1037 

30x  7  1210 

30x  8 1382 

30x  9  1555 

30x10  1728 

30x20  3456 

30x30  5184 

30x40  6912 

30x46  7949 

30x47  8122 

30x48  8295 

30x49  8468 

30x50  8640 

30x51  8813 

30x52  8986 

31x  5  893 

31x10  1786 

31x45  8035 

31x50  8928 

31x51  9107 

31x52  9285 

31x53  9464 

31x54  9642 


1104 

928 

682 

522 

335 

276 

232 

1242 

1044 

767 

587 

376 

311 

261 

1380 

1160 

853 

653 

418 

345 

290 

2761 

2320 

1705 

1305 

835 

690 

580 

4141 

3480 

2558 

1958 

1253 

1035 

870 

5522 

4640 

3410 

2610 

1670 

1380 

1160 

5660 

4756 

3496 

2675 

1712 

1415 

1189 

5798 

4872 

3581 

2741 

1754 

1449 

1218 

5936 

4988 

3666 

2806 

1796 

1484 

1247 

6074 

5104 

3751 

2871 

1837 

1518 

1276 

6212 

5220 

3837 

2936 

1879 

1553 

1305 

6350 

5336 

3922 

3001 

1921 

1587 

1334 

6488 

5452 

4007 

3067 

1963 

1622 

1363 

6626 

5568 

4092 

3132 

2004 

1656 

1392 

6764 

5684 

4178 

3197 

2046 

1691 

1421 

6902 

5800 

4263 

3263 

2088 

.1726 

1450 

714 

600 

441 

338 

216 

179 

150 

857 

720 

529 

405 

259 

214 

180 

1000 

840 

617 

473 

302 

250 

210 

1142 

960 

706 

540 

346 

286 

240 

1285 

1080 

794 

608 

389 

321 

270 

1428 

1200 

880 

675 

432 

357 

300 

2856 

2400 

1764 

1350 

864 

714 

600 

4284 

3600 

2646 

2025 

1296 

1071 

900 

5712 

4800 

3528 

2700 

1728 

1428 

1200 

6569 

5520 

4057 

3105 

1987 

1642 

1380 

6712 

5640 

4145 

3173 

2030 

1678 

1410 

6855 

5760 

4233 

3240 

2073 

1713 

1440 

6998 

5880 

4321 

3308 

2116 

1749 

1470 

7140 

6000 

4410 

3375 

2160 

1785 

1500 

7283 

6120 

4498 

3443 

2203 

1821 

1530 

7426 

6240 

4586 

3510 

2246 

1856 

1560 

738 

620 

456 

349 

223 

184 

155 

1476 

1240 

911 

698 

446 

369 

310 

6640 

5580 

4101 

3139 

2009 

1660 

1395 

7378 

6200 

4557 

3488 

2232 

1845 

1550 

7526 

6324 

4648 

3558 

2277 

1881 

1581 

7673 

6448 

4739 

3628 

2322 

1918 

1612 

7821 

6572 

4830 

3698 

2366 

1955 

1643 

7968 

6696 

4922 

3767 

2411 

1992 

1674 

28 


HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN    FACTORS 


NUMBER  OF  EMS  IN  TYPE  PAGE 

Size  Type  Page 

in  Pica  Ems 

5-pt. 

5^-pt. 

6-pt. 

7-pt. 

8-pt. 

lO-pt. 

ii-pt. 

12-pt. 

32x  5  

..  922 

762 

640 

470 

360 

230 

190 

160 

32x10  

..  1843 

1523 

1280 

940 

720 

461 

381 

320 

32x45  

..  8294 

6854 

5760 

4234 

3240 

2074 

1714 

1440 

32x50  

..  9216 

7616 

6400 

4704 

3600 

2304 

1904 

1600 

32x51  

..  9400 

7768 

6528 

4798 

3672 

2350 

1942 

1632 

32x52  

..  9585 

7920 

6656 

4892 

3744 

2396 

1980 

1664 

32x53  

..  9769 

8073 

6784 

4986 

3816 

2442 

2018 

1696 

32x54  

.-  9953 

8225 

6912 

5080 

3888 

2488 

2056 

1728 

32x55 

.10138 

8378 

7040 

5174 

3960 

2534 

2094 

1760 

32x56  

.10322 

8530 

7168 

5268 

4032 

2580 

2132 

1792 

33^   5  

..  950 

785 

660 

485 

371 

238 

196 

165 

33x10  

..  1900 

1571 

1320 

970 

743 

475 

393 

330 

33x50  

.-  9504 

7854 

6600 

4851 

3713 

2376 

1964 

1650 

33x51  

..  9694 

8011 

6732 

4948 

3787 

2424 

2003 

1683 

33x52  

..  9884 

8168 

6864 

5045 

3861 

2471 

2042 

1716 

33x53  

..10074 

8325 

6996 

5142 

3935 

2519 

2081 

1749 

33x54  ...... 

.10264 

8482 

7128 

5239 

4010 

2566 

2121 

1782 

53x55  

..10454 

8639 

7260 

5336 

4084 

2614 

2160 

1815 

33x56  

..10644 

8796 

7392 

5433 

4158 

2661 

2199 

1848 

34x  5  

..  979 

809 

680 

500 

383 

245 

202 

170 

34x10  

..  1958 

1618 

1360 

1000 

765 

490 

405 

340 

34x50  

..  9792 

8092 

6800 

4998 

3825 

2448 

2023 

1700 

34x51  ...... 

..  9988 

8254 

6936 

5098 

3902 

2497 

2064 

1734 

34x52  ...... 

.10184 

8416 

7072 

5198 

3978 

2546 

2104 

1768 

34x53  

..10380 

8578 

7208 

5298 

4055 

2595 

2145 

1802 

34x54  

..10576 

8740 

7344 

5398 

4131 

2644 

2185 

1836 

34x55  ...... 

..10771 

8901 

7480 

5498 

4208 

2693 

2225 

1870 

34x56  

..10967 

9062 

7616 

5598 

4284 

2742 

2266 

1904 

34x60  

..11750 

9710 

8160 

5998 

4590 

2938 

2428 

2040 

35x  5  

..  1008 

833 

700 

515 

394 

252 

208 

175 

35x10  

..  2016 

1666 

1400 

1029 

788 

504 

417 

350 

35x50  

..10080 

8330 

7000 

5145 

3938 

2520 

2083 

1750 

35x51  

..10282 

8497 

7140 

5248 

4017 

2570 

2125 

1785 

35x52  

..10483 

8663 

7280 

5351 

4096 

2621 

2166 

1820 

35x53  

..10685 

8830 

7420 

5454 

4174 

2671 

2208 

1855 

35x54  

..10886 

8996 

7560 

5557 

4253 

2722 

2250 

1890 

35x55  

..11088 

9163 

7700 

5660 

4331 

2772 

2291 

1925 

35x56  

..11290 

9330 

7840 

5763 

4410 

2822 

2332 

1960 

35x57  

..11492 

9497 

7980 

5866 

4489 

2873 

2374 

1995 

29 


HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN;   FACTORS 


NUMBER  OF  EMS  IN  TYPE  PAGE 

Size  Type 

Page 

in  Pica  Ems    5-pt. 

5^-pt. 

6-pt. 

7-pt. 

8-pt. 

lO-pt. 

ii-pt. 

12-pt. 

35x58  , 

11693 

9663 

8120 

5969 

4568 

2923 

2416 

2030 

35x59 

11894 

9830 

8260 

6072 

4646 

2974 

2457 

2065 

35x60  . 

12096 

9996 

8400 

6174 

4725 

3024 

2499 

2100 

36x  5  . 

1037 

857 

720 

529 

405 

259 

214 

180 

36x10  . 

2074 

1714 

1440 

1058 

810 

518 

428 

360 

36x50  . 

10368 

8568 

7200 

5292 

4050 

2592 

2142 

1800 

36x51  . 

10575 

8739 

7344 

5398 

4131 

2644 

2185 

1836 

36x52  . 

10783 

8911 

7488 

5504 

4212 

2696 

2228 

1872 

36x53  . 

10990 

9082 

7632 

5610 

4293 

2748 

2271 

1908 

36x54  . 

11197 

9253 

7776 

5715 

4374 

2799 

2313 

1944 

36x55  . 

11405 

9425 

7920 

5821 

4455 

2851 

2356 

1980 

36x56  . 

11612 

9596 

8064 

5927 

4536 

2903 

2399 

2016 

36x57  . 

11819 

9767 

8208 

6033 

4617 

2955 

2442 

2052 

36x58  . 

12027 

9939 

8352 

6139 

4698 

3007 

2485 

2088 

36x59  . 

12234 

10110 

8496 

6245 

4779 

3059 

2528 

2124 

36x60  . 

12442 

10282 

8640 

6350 

4860 

3110 

2570 

2160 

37x  5  . 

1066 

881 

740 

544 

416 

266 

220 

185 

37x10  . 

2131 

1761 

1480 

1088 

833 

533 

440 

370 

37x50  . 

10656 

8806 

7400 

5439 

4163 

2664 

2202 

1850 

37x51  . 

10869 

8982 

7548 

5548 

4246 

2717 

2246 

1887 

37x52  . 

11082 

9158 

7696 

5657 

4329 

2771 

2290 

1924 

37x53  . 

11295 

9334 

7844 

5765 

4412 

2824 

2334 

1961 

37x54  . 

11508 

9510 

7992 

5874 

4496 

2877 

2378 

1998 

37x55  . 

11722 

9687 

8140 

5983 

4579 

2930 

2422 

2035 

37x56  . 

11935 

9863 

8288 

6092 

4662 

2984 

2466 

2072 

37x57  . 

12148 

10039 

8436 

6200 

4745 

3037 

2510 

2109 

37x58  . 

12361 

10215 

8584 

6309 

4829 

3090 

2554 

2146 

37x59  . 

12574 

10391 

8732 

6418 

4912 

3144 

2598 

2183 

37x60  . 

12787 

10567 

8880 

6527 

4995 

3197 

2642 

2220 

40x  5  ., 

1152 

952 

800 

588 

450 

288 

238 

200 

40x10  . 

2304 

1904 

1600 

1176 

900 

576 

476 

400 

40x50  .. 

11520 

9520 

8000 

5880 

4500 

2880 

2380 

2000 

40x60  .. 

13824 

11424 

9600 

7056 

5400 

3456 

2856 

2400 

40x61  .. 

14054 

11614 

9760 

7174 

5490 

3514 

2904 

2440 

40x62  .. 

14284 

11804 

9920 

7292 

5580 

3572 

2952 

2480 

40x63  .. 

14515 

11995 

10080 

7409 

5670 

3629 

2999 

2520 

40x64  .. 

14745 

12185 

10240 

7527 

5760 

3686 

3047 

2560 

40x65  .. 

14976 

12376 

10400 

7644 

5850 

3744 

3094 

2600 

30 


HOW    TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN'    FACTORS 


NUMBER  OF  EMS  IN  TYPE  PAGE 

Size  Type  Pag( 

ill  Pica  Ems 

5-pt. 

SJ^-pt. 

6-pt. 

7-pt. 

8-pt. 

lO-pt. 

ii-pt. 

12-pt. 

41x10  

..  2362 

1952 

1640 

1205 

923 

590 

488 

410 

41x60  

..14170 

11710 

9840 

7232 

5535 

3542 

2927 

2460 

41x61  

..14406 

11905 

10004 

7353 

5627 

3601 

2976 

2501 

41x62  

..14642 

12100 

10168 

7473 

5720 

3660 

3026 

2542 

41x63  

..14878 

12295 

10332 

7594 

5812 

3720 

3075 

2583 

42x  5  

..  1210 

1000 

840 

617 

473 

302 

250 

210 

42x10  

..  2419 

1999 

1680 

1235 

945 

605 

500 

420 

42x50  

..12096 

9996 

8400 

6174 

4725 

3024 

2499 

2100 

42x60  

..14515 

11995 

10080 

7409 

5670 

3629 

2999 

2520 

42x61  

..14757 

12195 

10248 

7532 

5765 

3689 

3049 

2562 

42x62  

.-14999 

12395 

10416 

7656 

5859 

3750 

3099 

2604 

42x63  

..15241 

12595 

10584 

7779 

5954 

3810 

3149 

2646 

42x64  

..15483 

12795 

10752 

7903 

6048 

3871 

3199 

2688 

42x65  

..15725 

12995 

10920 

8026 

6143 

3931 

3249 

2730 

42x66  

..15967 

13195 

11088 

8150 

6237 

3992 

3299 

2772 

42x70  

..16934 

13994 

11760 

8644 

6615 

4234 

3499 

2940 

42x80  

..19354 

15994 

13440 

9878 

7560 

4838 

3998 

336Q 

44x10  

..  2534 

2094 

1760 

1294 

990 

643 

524 

440 

44x30  

..  7603 

6283 

5280 

3881 

2970 

1901 

1571 

1320 

44x50  

..12672 

10472 

8800 

6468 

4950 

3168 

2612 

2200 

44x60  

..15206 

12566 

10560 

7762 

5940 

3802 

3142 

2640 

44x61  

..15459 

12776 

10736 

7891 

6039 

3865 

3194 

2684 

44x62  

..15713 

12985 

10912 

8020 

6138 

3928 

3246 

2728 

44x63  

..15966 

13195 

11088 

8150 

6237 

3992 

3299 

2772 

44x64  

..16220 

13404 

11264 

8279 

6336 

4055 

3351 

2816 

44x65  

..16473 

13614 

11440 

8408 

6435 

4118 

3403 

2860 

44x66  

..16727 

13823 

11616 

8538 

6534 

4182 

3456 

2904 

44x67  

..16980 

14033 

11792 

8667 

6633 

4245 

3508 

2948 

44x68  

..17234 

14242 

11968 

8796 

6732 

4308 

3560 

2992 

44x69  

..17487 

14451 

12144 

8926 

6831 

4372 

3613 

3036 

44x70  

..17741 

14661 

12320 

9055 

6930 

4435 

3665 

3080 

48x10  

..  2765 

2285 

1920 

1411 

1080 

691 

571 

480 

48x36  

..  9953 

8225 

6912 

5080 

3888 

2488 

2056 

1728 

48x60  

..16589 

13709 

11520 

8467 

6480 

4147 

3427 

2880 

48x64  

..17695 

14623 

12288 

9032 

6912 

4424 

3656 

3072 

48x65  

.17971 

14851 

12480 

9173 

7020 

4493 

3713 

3120 

48x66  

..18248 

15080 

12672 

9314 

7128 

4562 

3770 

3168 

48x67  

..18524 

15308 

12864 

9455 

7236 

4631 

3827 

3216 

48x68  

..18801 

15537 

13056 

9596 

7344 

4700 

3884 

3264 

31 


HOW   TO    FIGURE    TYPE    COMPOSITION    BY    KNOWN    FACTORS 


NUMBER  OF  EMS  IN  TYPE  PAGE 

Size  Type 

Page 

ill  Pica 

Ems    5-pt. 

5/2-pt. 

6-pt. 

7-pt. 

8-pt. 

10-pt. 

11-pt. 

12-pt. 

48x69 

19077 

15765 

13248 

9737 

7452 

4769 

3941 

3312 

48x70 

19354 

15994 

13440 

9878 

7560 

4838 

3998 

3360 

50x10 

2880 

2380 

2000 

1470 

1125 

720 

595 

500 

50x65  , 

18720 

15470 

13000 

9555 

7313 

4680 

3868 

3250 

50x70  . 

20160 

16660 

14000 

10290 

7875 

5040 

4165 

3500 

50x71  . 

20448 

16898 

14200 

10437 

7988 

5112 

4225 

3550 

50x72  . 

20736 

17136 

14400 

10584 

8100 

5184 

4284 

3600 

50x73  . 

21024 

17374 

14600 

10731 

8213 

5256 

4344 

3650 

50x74  . 

21312 

17612 

14800 

10878 

8325 

5328 

4403 

3700 

50x75  . 

21600 

17850 

15000 

11025 

8438 

4500 

4463 

3750 

50x76  . 

_.21888 

18088 

15200 

11172 

8550 

5472 

4522 

3800 

54x10  . 

3110 

2570 

2160 

1588 

1215 

778 

643 

540 

54x70  . 

21773 

17993 

15120 

11113 

8505 

5443 

4498 

3780 

54x71  . 

22084 

18250 

15336 

11272 

8627 

5521 

4562 

3834 

54x72  . 

22395 

18507 

15552 

11431 

8748 

5599 

4626 

3888 

54x73  . 

22706 

18764 

15768 

11590 

8870 

5677 

4690 

3942 

54x74  . 

23017 

19020 

15984 

11748 

8991 

5754 

4755 

3996 

54x75  . 

23328 

19278 

16200 

11907 

9113 

5832 

4820 

4050 

54x76  . 

23639 

19535 

16416 

12066 

9234 

5910 

4884 

4104 

54x77  . 

23950 

19792 

16632 

12225 

9356 

5988 

4948 

4158 

54x78  . 

24261 

20049 

16848 

12383 

9477 

6065 

5012 

4212 

56x10  . 

3226 

2666 

2240 

1646 

1260 

806 

666 

560 

56x74  . 

23871 

19725 

16576 

12183 

9324 

5967 

4931 

4144 

56x75  . 

24194 

19992 

16800 

12348 

9450 

6048 

4998 

4200 

56x76  . 

24516 

20258 

17024 

12513 

9576 

6129 

5065 

4256 

56x77  . 

24839 

20525 

17248 

12677 

9702 

6209 

5131 

4312 

56x78  . 

25161 

^0792 

17472 

12842 

9828 

6290 

5198 

4368 

56x79  . 

25484 

21058 

17696 

13007 

9954 

6371 

5265 

4424 

56x80  . 

25806 

21325 

17920 

13171 

10080 

6451 

5331 

4480 

57x10  .. 

3283 

2713 

2280 

1676 

1283 

821 

678 

570 

57x76  .. 

24952 

20620 

17328 

12736 

9747 

6238 

5155 

4332 

57x77  .. 

25281 

20891 

17556 

12904 

9875 

6320 

5223 

4389 

57x78  .. 

25609 

21162 

17784 

13071 

10003 

6402 

5291 

4446 

57x79  ., 

25937 

21434 

18012 

13239 

10131 

6484 

5359 

4503 

57x80  .. 

26266 

21706 

18240 

13406 

10260 

6566 

5426 

4560 

57x81  .. 

26594 

21977 

18468 

13574 

10388 

6648 

5494 

4617 

57x82  .. 

26922 

22248 

18696 

13742 

10517 

6731 

5562 

4674 

57x83  .. 

27251 

22520 

18924 

13909 

10645 

6813 

5630 

4731 

57x84  .. 

27579 

22791 

19152 

14077 

10773 

6895 

5698 

4788 

32 


^^     ^H^^ 


u 


tp   63'^'^fl 


STAMPED  BE^^AST  DATE 

'^AY    AnS     TO   ^J°  ^°  CENTS  ON  Thh  Po''^^^ 
OVE^OUH.  ''-^    ON    THE    Se'vI^^J-^^JJ 


Gaylord  Bros. 

Makers 

Syracuse,  N.  Y, 

PAT,  JAM.  21,1908 


3^*75"^ 


//s 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


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